Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Daun Kelengkeng dan Daun Jeruk Limau yang Berkhasiat sebagai Obat Tradisional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jikki.v5i3.8041Keywords:
Kaffir lime leaves, Longan leaves, Secondary metabolitesAbstract
Public interest in natural remedies has increased significantly in recent years, leading to a growing reliance on traditional medicinal plants as alternative or complementary therapies. Among the plants widely used across generations in various cultural practices are longan leaves (Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steud) and kaffir lime leaves (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse). Both are believed to possess a variety of health-promoting properties and have long been utilized in traditional medicine for their therapeutic potential. Despite their popularity, scientific investigations that specifically explore their phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities remain limited. This study was therefore conducted to examine the secondary metabolite content of both plants and to evaluate their potential as sources of bioactive compounds. The extraction process was carried out using the maceration technique with 96% ethanol as a solvent, followed by a series of phytochemical screening tests. The analysis aimed to identify the presence of key classes of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids, which are known to contribute to various biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective effects. The results revealed that both longan and kaffir lime leaves tested positive for all targeted secondary metabolite groups. The consistent presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids suggests that these plants hold considerable pharmacological promise. Their metabolite profiles align with the reported therapeutic uses of these leaves in traditional medicine, providing scientific support for their continued application as herbal remedies. Overall, this research strengthens the understanding of Euphoria longan and Citrus amblycarpa as potential sources of phytopharmaceuticals. The findings not only validate their traditional medicinal uses but also highlight their potential in the development of natural-based drug formulations. Further in-depth studies, including isolation of active compounds and pharmacological assays, are recommended to fully characterize their therapeutic properties and clinical applications.
References
Abal, P., Louzao, M. C., Vilariño, N., Vieytes, M. R., & Botana, L. M. (2019). Acute toxicity assessment: Macroscopic and ultrastructural effects in mice treated with oral tetrodotoxin. Toxins, 11(6), 305. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060305
Benedetto, N., Carlucci, V., Faraone, I., Lela, L., Ponticelli, M., Russo, D., … Milella, L. (2023). An insight into Citrus medica Linn.: A systematic review on phytochemical profile and biological activities. Plants, 12(12), 2267. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122267
Chang, X., Lu, Y., Lin, Z., Qiu, J., Guo, X., Pan, J., & Abbasi, A. M. (2018). Impact of leaf development stages on polyphenolics profile and antioxidant activity in Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels. BioMed Research International, 2018, 7093691. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7093691
Doungsaard, P., Chansakaow, S., Poomanee, W., Sirithunyalug, J., Intasai, N., & Leelapornpisid, P. (2023). Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, antiglycation and safety of longan leaf extract for cosmeceutical application. Natural and Life Sciences Communications, 22(3), 52. https://doi.org/10.12982/NLSC.2023.052
Fajriyah, & Qulub. (2018). Uji parameter standar mutu simplisia herba seledri (Apium graveolens L.) dari Kabupaten Pekalongan. Jurnal University Research Colloquium, 2, 484–489.
Firdaus, S. M., Rosyidah, M., Permadi, A., Sulistiawati, E., & Wardhana, B. S. (2024). Optimasi proses ekstraksi maserasi: Analisis terhadap variabel yang berpengaruh. Seminar Nasional Inovasi dan Teknologi (SEMNASINTEK), (November), 138–143.
Fuloria, N. K., Ko, M. Y., Rui, C. S., Hang, C. Z., Karupiah, S., Paliwal, N., … Fuloria, S. (2020). Green synthesis and evaluation of Dimocarpus longan leaves extract based chitosan nanoparticles against periodontitis triggering bacteria. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 32(7), 1660–1666. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22649
Gadouche, L., Alsoufi, A. S. M., Pacholska, D., Skotarek, A., Pączkowski, C., & Szakiel, A. (2023). Triterpenoid and steroid content of lipophilic extracts of selected medicinal plants of the Mediterranean region. Molecules, 28(2), 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020697
Harrizul, R., Putri, N., & H., F. (2014). Pembuatan dan karakterisasi ekstrak kering daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.). Jurnal Farmasi Higea, 6(2), 133–144.
Jaiswal, A., Kumar, N., & Hossain, E. (2024). Plants secondary metabolites (Vol. 2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13995335
Khafid, A., Wiraputra, M. D., Putra, A. C., Khoirunnisa, N., Putri, A. A. K., Suedy, S. W. A., & Nurchayati, Y. (2023). Uji kualitatif metabolit sekunder pada beberapa tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai obat tradisional. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 8(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.8.1.2023.61-70
Kumadoh, D., Archer, M. A., Kyene, M. O., Yeboah, G. N., Adi-Dako, O., Osei-Asare, C., … Appiah, A. A. (2022). Approaches for the elimination of microbial contaminants from Lippia multiflora Mold. leaves intended for tea bagging and evaluation of formulation. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2022, 7235489. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7235489
Kusumawati, I., Yogeswara, I., & Wasito, H. (2025). Metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of peel extract from Citrus amblycarpa. Biodiversitas, 26(5), 2601–2610. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d260605
Lin, M., Xu, C., Gao, X., Zhang, W., Yao, Z., Wang, T., … Wang, Y. (2023). Comparative study on secondary metabolites from different citrus varieties in the production area of Zhejiang. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1159676. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1159676
Maslahah, N. (2024). Standar simplisia tanaman obat sebagai bahan sediaan herbal. Balai Pengujian Standar Instrumen Tanaman Rempah, Obat dan Aromatik (BSIP TROA), 2(2), 1–4.
Melo, L. F. M. de, Aquino-Martins, V. G. de Q., Silva, A. P. da, Oliveira Rocha, H. A., & Scortecci, K. C. (2023). Biological and pharmacological aspects of tannins and potential biotechnological applications. Food Chemistry, 414, 135645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135645
Sari, D. I., & Triyasmono, L. (2017). Rendemen dan flavonoid total ekstrak etanol kulit batang bangkal (Nauclea subdita) dengan metode maserasi ultrasonikasi. Jurnal Pharmascience, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v4i1.5755
Selviana, A. P., Khoirotunnisa, U., Ulandari, A. S., Rahayu, I. D., & Andrifianie, F. (2024). Pengaruh konsentrasi dan volume etanol terhadap rendemen ekstrak bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) pada metode ekstraksi maserasi. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Agromedicine, 11(2), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.23960/jka.v11i2.pp94-100
Sun, L., Xu, J., Nasrullah, Wang, L., Nie, Z., Huang, X., … Ke, F. (2023). Comprehensive studies of biological characteristics, phytochemical profiling, and antioxidant activities of two local citrus varieties in China. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1103041. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1103041
Wahyuni, S., & Marpaung, M. P. (2020). Penentuan kadar alkaloid total ekstrak akar kuning (Fibraurea chloroleuca Miers) berdasarkan perbedaan konsentrasi etanol dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-VIS. Dalton: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia, 3(2), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.31602/dl.v3i2.3911
Zahra, M., Abrahamse, H., & George, B. P. (2024). Flavonoids: Antioxidant powerhouses and their role in nanomedicine. Antioxidants, 13(8), 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080922
Zhong, J., Tan, L., Chen, M., & He, C. (2022). Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of Pulsatilla saponins. Chinese Medicine, 17(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00613-8
Zhou, T., Xing, Q., Bu, J., Han, W., & Shen, Z. (2024). Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid and alkaloid biosynthesis in the new and old leaves of Murraya tetramera Huang. BMC Plant Biology, 24(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05066-9
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
