A Review of The Potential of Neural Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Neural Tissue Regeneration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jikki.v5i1.7238Keywords:
Neural Stem Cells, Spinal Cord Injuries, Nerve RegenerationAbstract
Cedera tulang belakang (Spinal Cord Injury/SCI) merupakan kondisi neurologis serius yang menyebabkan gangguan fungsional jangka panjang dan penurunan kualitas hidup secara signifikan. Keterbatasan mekanisme regeneratif dalam sistem saraf pusat (CNS) menjadikan pemulihan SCI sebagai tantangan besar dalam dunia medis. Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) muncul sebagai terapi potensial karena kemampuannya berdiferensiasi menjadi berbagai jenis sel saraf dan berintegrasi dengan jaringan yang rusak. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memetakan lanskap riset terkini terkait penggunaan NSCs dalam regenerasi jaringan saraf akibat SCI melalui metode scoping review. Kajian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA-ScR, dengan pencarian literatur dari tahun 2015 hingga 2025 melalui database PubMed dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci terkait “Neural Stem Cells” dan “Spinal Cord Injury”. Sebanyak 145 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 88% studi praklinis dan 12% uji klinis. Mayoritas penelitian menyoroti keberhasilan transplantasi NSCs pada model hewan SCI, dengan 60% di antaranya melaporkan peningkatan signifikan dalam fungsi motorik dan sensorik. NSCs terbukti dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi neuron, oligodendrosit, dan astrosit, serta memperbaiki jaringan yang rusak. Meskipun hasil praklinis menunjukkan harapan tinggi, penerapan klinis masih menghadapi hambatan seperti rendahnya tingkat kelangsungan hidup sel, metode transplantasi yang belum optimal, dan isu etik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut, termasuk perluasan uji klinis dengan populasi lebih besar guna mengevaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan terapi NSC dalam pengobatan SCI.
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