Tinjauan Komprehensif Karakteristik, Radiologis dan Tatalaksana Penyakit Parasitik di Paru

Abstract

Parasitic lung diseases are a group of infectious conditions caused by various parasites that may involve the lungs through different mechanisms, including larval migration, egg deposition, and host immune responses. These diseases are more commonly found in developing countries; however, globalization and increased population mobility have contributed to their occurrence in developed regions, necessitating continued clinical awareness. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management of parasitic lung diseases. A descriptive literature review was conducted by examining relevant medical textbooks and national and international peer-reviewed journal articles. The results indicate that the clinical manifestations of parasitic lung diseases are often nonspecific and may mimic other pulmonary conditions, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, or lung malignancies, thereby posing significant diagnostic challenges. Accurate diagnosis therefore requires a combination of careful history taking, laboratory investigations including peripheral eosinophilia and serological testing, and appropriate radiological evaluation. Management strategies depend on the type of parasite, the extent of pulmonary involvement, and the patient’s clinical condition. Antiparasitic pharmacotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment, while surgical intervention plays an important role in selected cases, particularly pulmonary echinococcosis. A thorough understanding of parasitic lung diseases is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce associated morbidity and mortality.