Correlational Study on Job Insecurity and Psychological Well being among Daily Workers

Christopher Robert Muljo; Umi Anugerah Izzati

doi:10.55606/jaemb.v6i1.9596

Authors

Christopher Robert Muljo Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Umi Anugerah Izzati Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/jaemb.v6i1.9596

Keywords:

job insecurity, psychological well-being, daily workers, manufacturing industry, industrial psychology

Abstract

The globalization era and Industrial Revolution 4.0 have driven the growth of daily workers systems across various industrial sectors, including agricultural manufacturing, creating job insecurity issues for workers. The target of this research is to examine the relationship between job insecurity and psychological well-being of daily workers in the agricultural industry. This research employed a quantitative method using the Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, with a sample of 118 daily workers selected through purposive sampling, and the questionnaire collection process used the job insecurity and psychological well-being scales that has been developed and tested. The results revealed that there is a significant negative relationship between job insecurity and psychological well-being among daily workers [r = - 0,629, p < 0.05], indicating that a high level of job insecurity can lead to lower levels of psychological well-being for daily workers. These findings reveal that employment uncertainty, lack of social security, and minimal legal protection experienced by daily workers negatively impact their psychological well-being, starting from self-acceptance, autonomy, environmental mastery, and other factors. This study concludes that job insecurity correlates with the psychological well-being aspect of daily workers, emphasizing the need for companies to provide job security and social guarantees to enhance workers' psychological condition and work productivity.

References

[1] M. Khan et al., “Integrating industry 4.0 for enhanced sustainability: Pathways and prospects,” Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.12.012.

[2] I. Biletta, Casual work: characteristics and implications. Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2019.

[3] S. Hashemi-Petroodi, A. Dolgui, S. Kovalev, M. Kovalyov, and S. Thevenin, “Workforce reconfiguration strategies in manufacturing systems: a state of the art,” Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 59, pp. 6721–6744, 2020, doi: 10.1080/00207543.2020.1823028.

[4] M. McGann, K. White, and J. Moss, “Labour casualization and the psychosocial health of workers in Australia,” Work, Employment & Society, vol. 30, pp. 766–782, 2016, doi: 10.1177/0950017016633022.

[5] D. Sunija, S. Febriani, S. Raharjo, and S. Humaedi, “Pekerja sosial industri dalam menangani permasalahan PHK di dunia industri Indonesia,” JPPM, vol. 6, p. 181, 2020, doi: 10.24198/jppm.v6i3.26206.

[6] M. Bachtiar, M. Anas, and M. Anshori, “Productivity and Psychology Well,” Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi, 2024, doi: 10.55606/jumia.v2i3.3118.

[7] L. Greenhalgh and Z. Rosenblatt, “Job insecurity: Toward conceptual clarity,” Acad. Manag. Rev., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 438–448, 1984, doi: 10.5465/amr.1984.4279673.

[8] C. Russo and M. Terraneo, “Mental Well-being Among Workers: A Cross-national Analysis of Job Insecurity Impact on the Workforce,” Soc. Indic. Res., vol. 152, pp. 421–442, 2020.

[9] A. Waddell et al., “How effective are interventions in optimizing workplace mental health and well-being? A scoping review of reviews and evidence map,” Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, vol. 49, pp. 235–248, 2023, doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4087.

[10] M. K. Shoss, “Job insecurity: An integrative review and agenda for future research,” J. Manage., vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1911–1939, 2017, doi: 10.1177/0149206317691564.

[11] H. De Witte, “Job insecurity: Review of the international literature on definitions, prevalence, antecedents and consequences,” SA J. Ind. Psychol., vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2005, doi: 10.4102/sajip.v31i4.200.

[12] L. Låstad et al., “Moving on Up Now? A Meta-Analysis of the Associations Between Job Insecurity and Career-Related Outcomes,” Scand. J. Work Organ. Psychol., 2025, doi: 10.16993/sjwop.275.

[13] J. Hellgren, M. Sverke, and K. Isaksson, “A two-dimensional approach to job insecurity: Consequences for employee attitudes and well-being,” Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 179–195, 1999, doi: 10.1080/135943299398400.

[14] T. Rönnblad et al., “Precarious employment and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies,” Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 2019, doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3797.

[15] M. Sverke and H. De Witte, Eds., The Oxford handbook of job insecurity and precarious work. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2021.

[16] C. Ryff, J. Boylan, and J. Kirsch, “Eudaimonic and Hedonic Well-Being,” pp. 92–135, 2021, doi: 10.1093/oso/9780197512531.003.0005.

[17] C. D. Ryff, “Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being,” J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1069–1081, 1989, doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069.

[18] C. D. Ryff, “Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia,” Psychother. Psychosom., vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 10–28, 2014, doi: 10.1159/000353263.

[19] C. D. Ryff and C. L. M. Keyes, “The structure of psychological well-being revisited,” J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 719–727, 1995, doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719.

[20] N. I. Abdul Jalil et al., “The relationship between job insecurity and psychological well-being among Malaysian precarious workers: Work-life balance as a mediator,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 20, no. 3, 2758, 2023, doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032758.

[21] G. P. Pratama and A. Guspa, “Pengaruh job insecurity terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis dengan social support sebagai variabel moderator pada karyawan outsourcing di PT Pegadaian Area Padang,” YASIN: J. Pendidik. Sos. Budaya, vol. 4, no. 3, 2024.

[22] Lisa Ramalisa, R. Ramdina, W. Marpaung, and Y. Manurung, “Kesejahteraan psikologis ditinjau dari ketidakamanan kerja pada karyawan kontrak PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Tbk Cabang Medan Thamrin,” Psikostudia: J. Psikol., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 31–43, 2020, doi: 10.30872/psikostudia.v9i1.3590.

[23] J. A. Saputra and F. D. Dwarta, “Hubungan job insecurity dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada tenaga kontrak Trantib di Dinas Perdagangan Kota Padang,” Edusociata J. Pendidik. Sosiologi, vol. 6, no. 2, 2023.

[24] P. Yulianti and N. Fitdiarini, “Job insecurity and psychological wellbeing: Is it necessary to foster employee performance,” Int. J. Curr. Sci. Res. Rev., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 3206–3211, 2023.

[25] F. Sulaiman, “Pengaruh Job Insecurity, Social Support dan Job Stress terhadap Psychological Well-Being pada Generasi Z di PT Permodalan Nasional Madani,” COSTING: Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting, vol. 9, no. 1, 2025.

[26] A. S. Mada, “Psychological Well-Being in View of Job Insecurity in Outsourcing Employees: the Role of Age, Gender and Marital Status,” , Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, 2023.

[27] K. Adiyatma & N. Hasanati, “Job Insecurity and its Consequences in the Workplace: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence,” J. Sci. Res., Educ. & Technol. [JSRET], vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1483–1494, 2025.

[28] Pires, M. L., “The Effects of Job Insecurity on Psychological Well-Being and Work Engagement: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model,” Behavioral Sciences, vol. 15, no. 7, art. 979, 2025. doi:10.3390/bs15070979.

[29] J. Sulaiman, S. Effendy, and R. Lubis, “The Effect of Job Insecurity and Social Support Toward Psychological Well-Being Among Outsourced Employees at Company X of Medan,” Jurnal Ekonomi, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 55–63, Aug. 2023

[30] T. Vander Elst, H. De Witte, and N. De Cuyper, "The job insecurity scale: A psychometric evaluation across five European countries," Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 364–380, 2014, doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2012.745989.

[31] R. Likert, "A technique for the measurement of attitudes," Arch. Psychol., vol. 22, no. 140, pp. 1–55, 1932

[32] A. Joshi, S. Kale, S. Chandel, and D. K. Pal, "Likert scale: Explored and explained," Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 396–403, 2015, doi: 10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975.

[33] A. Irvine and N. Rose, "How does precarious employment affect mental health? A scoping review and thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence from Western economies," Work Employ. Soc., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 418–441, 2022, doi: 10.1177/09500170221128698.

[34] I. Ahmed and A. Salman, "Learning from the bad things: A learning organization perspective of job insecurity, distrust, interpersonal conflicts and somatic symptoms," Learn. Organ., 2025, doi: 10.1108/tlo-12-2023-0221.

[35] J. Schor, W. Attwood-Charles, M. Cansoy, I. Ladegaard, and R. Wengronowitz, "Dependence and precarity in the platform economy," Theory Soc., vol. 49, pp. 833–861, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11186-020-09408-y.

[36] K. Harknett, D. Schneider, and V. Irwin, "Improving health and economic security by reducing work schedule uncertainty," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 118, 2021, doi: 10.1073/pnas.2107828118.

[37] I. Urbanavičiūtė, K. Massoudi, and H. De Witte, "Job insecurity and [un]sustainable well-being: Unravelling the dynamics of work, career, and life outcomes from a within-person perspective," Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol., vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 658–670, 2024, doi: 10.1080/1359432x.2024.2370666.

[38] J. Cohen, Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988.