Journal Title: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Initials: OPTIMAL Frequency: Maret, Juni September dan Desember Print ISSN: 2962-4444 Online ISSN: 2962-4010 Editor in Chief: Febri Adi Prasetya DOI: 10.55606 Publisher: Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen P-ISSN: 2962-4444 (Print) dan E-ISSN: 2962-4010 (Online); berfokus pada penerbitan artikel berkualitas tinggi yang didedikasikan untuk semua aspek penelitian, masalah, dan perkembangan terbaru di bidang Ilmu Manajemen.Ilmu Manajemen. Jurnal ini terakreditasi SINTA 5 (Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025 tanggal 21 Maret 2025 tentang Peringkat Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode I Tahun 2025) dimulai dari Volume 2 Nomor 4 Tahun 2022 sampai Volume 7 Nomor 3 Tahun 2027. Topik dalam Jurnal ini berkaitan dengan aspek apapun dari manajemen, namun tidak terbatas pada topik berikut : Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia , Manajemen Keuangan, Manajemen Pemasaran, Manajemen Sektor Publik, Manajemen Operasional, Manajemen Rantai Pasokan, Corporate Governance, Etika Bisnis, Akuntansi Manajemen dan Pasar Modal dan Investasi. Jurnal ini terbit 1 tahun 4 kali (Maret, Juni September dan Desember) Indexed by: Journal Sponsors and Partners :
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Disiplin Kerja, dan Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Pt Madubaru Pg. Ps. Madukismo
This study aims to analyze the influence of work environment, work discipline, and organizational commitment on employee work productivity. The background of this research is based on the importance of internal organizational factors in encouraging improvement in the performance and productivity of human resources, especially in the manufacturing industry environment. The research was conducted at PT Madubaru PG. PS. Madukismo using quantitative approaches and survey methods. The research sample consisted of 77 employees who were randomly selected through the random sampling method. Data collection was carried out using a closed questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale to measure respondents' perception of each variable. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques to determine the partial or simultaneous influence of free variables on bound variables. The results of the analysis showed that partially, the work environment did not have a significant influence on employee work productivity, with a significance value of 0.134. Meanwhile, work discipline and organizational commitment were found to have a positive and significant influence on work productivity, with significance values of 0.038 and 0.000, respectively. Simultaneous analysis showed that the three independent variables together had a significant influence on employee work productivity, with an F value of 20.614 and an Adjusted R Square value of 43.6%. This shows that the combination of work environment, work discipline, and organizational commitment can explain 43.6% of employee work productivity variability. These findings affirm the importance of implementing consistent work discipline and strengthening organizational commitment to increase productivity. Although the work environment does not have a significant effect in this context, management still needs to create a supportive work environment to maintain employee comfort and motivation in a sustainable manner.
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Pengaruh Manajemen Rantai Pasok Halal terhadap Kinerja Operasional
This study aims to analyze the factors that affect Halal Supply Chain Management on the operational performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) salons in Yogyakarta City. The main focus of the research lies in the three main dimensions in halal supply chain management, namely Technology (X1), Organization (X2), and Environment (X3), as well as their influence on operational performance (Y). The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach, with sampling techniques using the purposive sampling method. The sample consisted of 96 respondents who are salon MSME business actors in Yogyakarta City who have applied halal principles in their operations. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires with the Likert scale, and the data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression methods. The purpose of the analysis was to test the partial and simultaneous influence of the three independent variables on the dependent variables. The results of the analysis showed that the Technology variable (X1) did not have a significant positive influence on operational performance (Y). Meanwhile, the variables Organizational (X2) and Environment (X3) have been proven to have a positive and significant influence on the operational performance (Y) of halal salon MSMEs. These findings indicate that although technology is important in supply chain management, the role of an effective organization and external environmental support are more dominant in determining the operational performance of halal-based MSMEs. Therefore, to improve the effectiveness of the halal supply chain and overall operational performance, MSME actors need to pay more attention to strengthening internal organizational structures and the involvement of environmental factors such as regulations, community support, and halal networks. This research provides practical contributions for MSME actors and stakeholders in developing an effective and sustainable halal supply chain management strategy.
Analisis Peran Brand Awareness sebagai Mediator dalam Hubungan antara Pemasaran Media Sosial dan Niat Pembelian Konsumen
Technological advancements facilitate access to information and encourage purchase intention through social media. The development of technology has transformed lifestyles and consumer shopping behavior, encouraging companies to innovate through digital marketing strategies. Social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok, which focus on visual content, are well suited for marketing fashion products and building local brands. This study aims to analyze the role of brand awareness in mediating the influence of social media marketing on purchase intention for Erigo fashion products in Denpasar City. The population in this study consists of residents in Denpasar who are aware of the Erigo brand but have never purchased Erigo fashion products. The sample size in this study is 120 respondents, selected using a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method based on Partial Least Square (PLS) with the assistance of SmartPLS software. The results of the analysis indicate that: (1) social media marketing has a positive and significant influence on purchase intention, (2) social media marketing has a positive and significant influence on brand awareness, (3) brand awareness has a positive and significant influence on purchase intention, and (4) brand awareness is able to mediate the influence of social media marketing on purchase intention. This research implies that it can enrich the literature related to consumer behavior theory and the theory of planned behavior. This research also provides implications for Erigo management to pay more attention to the "be active" aspect in social media marketing, the "top of mind" aspect in brand awareness, and the "relative advantage" aspect in purchase intention. Effective social media marketing can increase consumer brand awareness, which can also able to increase consumer purchase intention.
Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pendapatan Per Kapita dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan
This study aims to analyze in depth the influence of economic growth, per capita income, and the Human Development Index (HDI) on poverty levels in Nias Regency, North Sumatra Province. Nias Regency is one of the regions with the highest poverty rates in the province, despite having various economic potentials, especially in the agriculture, fisheries, and tourism sectors. The imbalance between resource potential and the level of community welfare encourages the need for a comprehensive study to determine the factors that influence poverty empirically. This study uses a quantitative approach with a multiple linear regression analysis method. The data used are secondary data sourced from the official publications of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Nias Regency and North Sumatra Province, covering the period from 2009 to 2023. The results of the analysis show that simultaneously the three independent variables, namely economic growth, per capita income, and HDI, have a significant influence on poverty levels. Partially, each of these variables shows a significant negative influence, which means that improvements in these three aspects contribute to a decrease in poverty levels in the region. In other words, the higher the economic growth, the higher the per capita income, and the better the quality of human development, the lower the poverty rate. Based on these findings, the study recommends that local governments strengthen development policies focused on improving the quality of human resources through education and health, encourage inclusive and sustainable economic growth, and create a more equitable income distribution system to accelerate poverty alleviation systematically and sustainably.
Pengaruh Product Quality dan Service Quality terhadap Repurchase Intention yang Dimediasi oleh Customer Satisfaction pada Lazuna Chicken
This study aims to determine the effect of product quality and service quality on repurchase intention, mediated by customer satisfaction among Lazuna Chicken consumers. In an increasingly competitive business environment, retaining loyal customers is crucial for business continuity, especially in the fast-food industry such as Lazuna Chicken. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach to analyze the relationships between the studied variables. The population in this study includes all Lazuna Chicken customers, although the exact number is unknown. Therefore, the researcher used a purposive sampling method to select respondents who met specific criteria. The sample consisted of 180 respondents, determined using Hair’s formula, which is commonly applied in SEM-PLS research. Data were collected through questionnaires containing structured questions regarding customer perceptions of product quality, service quality, satisfaction, and repurchase intention. The data were then analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) version 4.00 application to test the relationships between variables. The results of the study indicate that: (1) Product quality has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention; (2) Service quality has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention; (3) Customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention; (4) Product quality also has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction; (5) Service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction; (6) Customer satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between product quality and repurchase intention; (7) Customer satisfaction also mediates the relationship between service quality and repurchase intention. These findings highlight the importance for companies to maintain and improve both product and service quality in order to enhance customer satisfaction, which in turn will encourage sustainable repurchase intentions.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Citra Merk terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada PT. Grab Teknologi Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality and brand image on customer satisfaction at PT. Grab Teknologi Indonesia, especially Grabbike service users. The background of this study is based on the increasing public demand for fast, safe, and reliable application-based transportation services. In an increasingly competitive era, digital transportation service providers such as Grab are required to continuously improve service quality and strengthen brand image to maintain customer loyalty and attract new users. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative descriptive approach. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to 97 active Grabbike customers, selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was first tested using validity and reliability tests to ensure that each question item was able to measure the intended variable consistently and accurately. Data analysis was carried out through classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity), multiple linear regression tests, and hypothesis tests (t-test and F-test) with the help of SPSS version 20 software. The results of the study indicate that service quality and brand image simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, with a coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.565 or 56.5%. This indicates that more than half of the variation in customer satisfaction can be explained by these two variables. Partially, service quality and brand image also significantly influence customer satisfaction. Service quality encompasses driver reliability, friendliness, safety, and app usability. Meanwhile, brand image is related to consumers' positive perceptions of a company's reputation, brand value, and previous experiences. These findings confirm that efforts to improve service quality and strengthen brand image are important strategies for creating a satisfying customer experience, building loyalty, and enhancing a company's competitive advantage in Indonesia's digital transportation market.
Pengaruh Laba Akuntansi dan Arus Kas terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Sektor Otomotif yang Terdaftar di BEI pada Tahun 2020-2023
This study aims to determine the effect of accounting profit and cash flow on stock prices in automotive sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020 to 2023. Accounting profit is one of the main indicators in assessing a company's financial performance, because it reflects the profits generated from the company's operational activities. On the other hand, cash flow shows the extent to which a company is able to generate cash from its operational activities, which is an important indicator of the company's liquidity and financial health. These two variables are believed to contribute to the formation of stock value in the capital market. This study uses a quantitative method with secondary data obtained through annual financial reports, income statements, cash flow statements, and statements of changes in equity from automotive sector companies. The data was obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id) and the websites of each company. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method, namely selecting samples based on certain criteria, such as companies that regularly publish complete financial reports during the period 2020–2023. The data analysis technique uses SPSS software with a multiple linear regression approach to test the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The research results show that accounting profit has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, and cash flow also has a significant positive effect on stock prices. Simultaneously, accounting profit and cash flow have been shown to contribute significantly to stock price movements. These results indicate that investors still place significant importance on profit and cash flow information when assessing a company's performance and prospects. Therefore, companies need to maintain the quality of their financial reporting to maintain market confidence.
Mediasi Stres Kerja pada Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan Puskesmas di Wilayah Kerja Kabupaten Lumajang
This study aims to analyze the mediating role of work stress in the relationship between workload and work environment on the performance of medical personnel in community health centers. This study involved 158 health workers in community health centers spread across the working area of the Lumajang Regency Health Office as respondents. The main objective of this study was to identify whether work stress can mediate the relationship between workload and work environment on the performance of medical personnel. Workload and work environment are expected to have a significant impact on work stress and the performance of medical personnel. Based on the research findings, workload does not have a significant effect on work stress. This indicates that although health workers face diverse workloads, it does not directly affect their stress levels. Conversely, the work environment has been shown to have a negative influence on work stress. Poor work environment conditions, such as inadequate facilities, inefficient systems, or poor interpersonal relationships, can increase the stress levels of health workers, which in turn affects their performance. Furthermore, this study also found that workload does not show a significant effect on health workers' performance. This indicates that the performance of medical personnel in community health centers is not entirely influenced by the amount of workload they bear. However, the work environment significantly influences the performance of community health center employees. Better work conditions, both in terms of facilities and relationships between colleagues, can improve the performance of medical personnel, while a poor work environment can decrease their productivity. These findings provide important insights into the importance of creating a supportive work environment for medical personnel to enhance their performance.
Penerapan Etika Bisnis dalam Strategi Digital UMKM Kuliner
The application of business ethics in digital strategies is crucial for the sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) amidst increasingly competitive competition in the modern era. Technological developments and the widespread use of digital media by MSMEs demand business practices that are not solely profit-oriented but also prioritize ethical values. This study aims to evaluate the business ethics practices implemented by the culinary MSME "Bakso Aci Viral" in Jakarta, focusing on transparency, honesty in promotions, customer service, and social responsibility. The research method used was a qualitative case study with a descriptive approach, supplemented by quantitative data as supporting data. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with the business owner, direct observation of activity on social media and marketplace platforms, and the distribution of questionnaires to 45 active customers. The results of the observations and documentation indicate that "Bakso Aci Viral" consistently conveys product information honestly and openly through digital media. The distributed questionnaires revealed that 91.1% of customers were satisfied with the transparency of product information, such as ingredient composition, price, and expiration date. Furthermore, 84.4% of customers stated their loyalty was due to ethical and responsive service, both in handling complaints and polite and responsive digital communications. This study concluded that the consistent application of business ethics has a positive impact on business image, customer loyalty, and the competitiveness of MSMEs in the digital space. More broadly, business ethics can be an effective competitive strategy for MSMEs to build trust and a long-term reputation. Therefore, MSMEs are advised to integrate ethical values into every aspect of their digital business activities.
Komitmen Organisasi, Iklim Organisasi, dan Disiplin Kerja sebagai Faktor Penentu Kinerja Pegawai dalam Pencapaian Tujuan Organisasi
This study aims to analyze the impact of organizational commitment, organizational climate, and work discipline on employee performance. The research was conducted at the Library and Archives Office of Surabaya City, involving 85 employees as respondents. The analysis approach used is quantitative, with multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing to examine the relationship between the three independent variables and employee performance as the dependent variable. The results show that, simultaneously, the three variables—organizational commitment, organizational climate, and work discipline—have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. This indicates that if the organization can enhance employee commitment, create a supportive organizational climate, and encourage high work discipline, employee performance will improve. This finding aligns with the theory that employee performance is heavily influenced by internal factors such as motivation, work environment, and individual attitudes in performing their tasks. Individually, each of the three variables also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. High organizational commitment can motivate employees to perform better and increase their loyalty to the organization. A good organizational climate, where employees feel valued and empowered, can boost their work enthusiasm and creativity. Meanwhile, high work discipline ensures that employees can work effectively, efficiently, and according to established standards. This discipline also ensures that employees follow existing rules and take responsibility for their work outcomes. Overall, this study indicates that organizational commitment, organizational climate, and work discipline are crucial factors in improving employee performance. Therefore, organizational management needs to create an environment that supports and strengthens these three factors to achieve optimal performance.
Analisis Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Dan Fenomena Childfree sebagai Determinan Total Fertility Rate di Wilayah Sarbagita
Total Fertility Rate or total birth rate is an important indicator in population growth dynamics. In the Sarbagita Region (Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, and Tabanan) there was a significant decrease in the Total Fertility Rate and was below the national figure of Indonesia. This condition will cause a population decline in the long term and the population structure leads to an aging population structure. This study aims to analyze the influence of family income, number of dependents, male education level, female education level, first marriage age, government regulations, and the childfree phenomenon on the number of children born in the Sarbagita area both simultaneously and partially. The research method used in this study is quantitative with an associative approach. The population in this study is all couples of childbearing age in the Sarbagita area. The sample used in this study was 100 couples of childbearing age. Data is collected through questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study showed that simultaneously, all independent variables had an influence on the number of children born. Partially, only family income has a positive and significant influence on the number of children. Meanwhile, the number of dependents, the level of education of women, and the age of first marriage have a negative and significant influence. The variables of male education level, government regulations, and the childfree phenomenon did not have a significant influence. These findings make an important contribution to population policy formulation and sustainable development planning in urban areas, especially in balancing the birth rate and the needs of the community's socio-economic development in the future.
Evaluasi Proses Pengendalian Kualitas Produksi Roti di CV Chic Bakery untuk Meningkatkan Standar Produk
This study aims to analyze the bread quality control system at CV Chic Bakery using the Statistical Quality Control (SQC) method and a quality cost analysis approach. CV Chic Bakery is a manufacturing company that produces croissants with an average production volume of 300 pieces per day. Although the company has implemented quality control, there are still problems related to defective products, as reflected in the damage rate reaching 5.98% of the total annual production. This problem requires further evaluation to improve the production process and product quality. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through direct observation at the company and interviews with related staff. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using SQC tools such as flowcharts, check sheets, histograms, P-charts, scatter plots, and fishbone diagrams to identify the causes of defects. The results showed that the most dominant types of defects were bread that was not up to standard and dough that was too high. In addition, the quality cost analysis revealed that the company still needs to improve the cost-effectiveness of supervision and prevention to ensure more consistent product quality. This research provides a significant contribution to the management of CV Chic Bakery by identifying the root causes of production defects through a structured SQC method. Furthermore, this research also suggests optimizing quality costs, which include prevention and control costs, to increase profitability and customer satisfaction. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide insights for continuous improvement in product quality control and production processes in other bakery manufacturing companies, as well as support better product competitiveness in the market.
Dampak Pengetahuan, Keterampilan, dan Kompetensi Kewirausahaan terhadap Kinerja UMKM di Kecamatan Tugu Kabupaten Trenggalek
This study aims to examine in depth the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, and competencies on the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Tugu District, Trenggalek Regency. The background of this study is the low level of entrepreneurial literacy among MSMEs, limited access to business information, and weak mastery of the skills and competencies needed to run a business optimally. This poses a serious challenge in improving the sustainability and competitiveness of MSMEs, especially in rural areas. This study uses a quantitative approach with a purposive sampling technique to select relevant respondents. A total of 76 MSMEs participated, selected based on certain criteria such as the length of business and the business field being run. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires with a Likert scale of 1 to 10 to measure the variables studied. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS software, with instrument validity and reliability testing, and linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between variables. The results of the analysis indicate that simultaneously, the three independent variables—entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, and competencies—have a significant influence on MSME performance. Furthermore, each variable partially contributed positively to improving business performance. This study confirms that increasing entrepreneurial capacity, both in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, is crucial for driving the growth and sustainability of MSMEs. Therefore, interventions such as training, mentoring, and improved access to business information are urgently needed to strengthen the MSME sector in rural areas.
Analisis Pendapatan Pedagang Pasar Rakyat Kreneng Kota Denpasar
Kreneng Traditional Market is one of the largest traditional trading centers in Denpasar City, with a high density of economic activity. The large number of vendors operating in this location creates intense business competition, which directly impacts their income and well-being. This situation necessitates a study to determine the factors that can influence their well-being. This study aims to analyze the influence of several variables, namely Business Capital, Length of Business, Working Hours, and Business Location, on the Welfare of Vendors at Kreneng Traditional Market. The approach used is quantitative with the causal associative method. Data collection techniques were carried out by distributing questionnaires to 111 vendors as respondents. The data obtained were then analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the simultaneous and partial effects of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously, all four independent variables, namely Business Capital, Length of Business, Working Hours, and Business Location, have a significant effect on Vendor Welfare. However, when viewed partially, only two variables have a significant effect, namely Business Capital and Business Location. Meanwhile, the variables of Business Length and Working Hours do not show a statistically significant effect on vendor welfare. This research provides important insights for local governments and market managers in formulating strategies and policies that can improve vendor welfare. Focusing on increasing access to capital and improving the location or arrangement of business areas are two key points that require further attention.
Analisis Program Direct Marketing terhadap Tingkat Hunian Kamar (Room Occupancy) di Sthala, A Tribute Portfolio Hotel, Ubud, Bali
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Direct Marketing program, specifically Face-to-face Selling, Telemarketing, and Catalogue Marketing, on room occupancy rates at Sthala, a Tribute Portfolio Hotel, Ubud, Bali. Although the Direct Marketing program has been intensively implemented, data shows fluctuations in room occupancy rates in certain months. This raises questions about the effectiveness of the direct marketing program in attracting potential guests and maintaining stable room occupancy rates. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive statistics methods. Primary data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique. In addition to questionnaires, data collection was also carried out through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature studies. All collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 29 software to test the influence of each variable partially or simultaneously on room occupancy rates. The analysis results show that the three Direct Marketing variables—namely Face-to-face Selling, Telemarketing, and Catalogue Marketing—both partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on room occupancy rates. Among these three variables, face-to-face selling proved to be the most dominant variable in influencing room occupancy rates. These findings indicate that a direct, face-to-face approach remains the most effective marketing strategy in creating emotional connections with customers, building trust, and driving purchasing decisions. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of implementing a sustainable and integrated direct marketing strategy in efforts to increase room occupancy rates, and provides input for hotel management in developing more effective and efficient marketing policies.
Peran Kepuasan Pelanggan Memediasi Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan
This study aims to explain the role of customer satisfaction in mediating the effect of service quality on customer loyalty among ApotekKU consumers in Singaraja City. Good service quality is expected to enhance customer satisfaction, which in turn can improve customer loyalty to a brand or service. To analyze the relationship between these variables, this study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior approach. The main focus of this theory is how an individual's intention influences their decision to engage in certain behaviors, starting from motivational factors to predict and explain human behavior. This research was conducted in Singaraja City, using a purposive sampling technique to select relevant samples. A total of 110 respondents, who are ApotekKU consumers in Singaraja City, participated in this study. Data was collected through online questionnaires to gather information about service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. For data analysis, the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique with the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach was used. The analysis results indicate that all the hypotheses proposed were accepted. Service quality was found to have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Additionally, service quality also has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction, in turn, has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Furthermore, this study found that customer satisfaction mediates the effect of service quality on customer loyalty among ApotekKU consumers in Singaraja City. These findings emphasize the importance of service quality in building satisfaction, which ultimately contributes to the creation of customer loyalty. This research provides practical implications for pharmacy managers to focus more on improving service quality to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Opini Audit dan Umur Perusahaan terhadap Audit Delay
This study aims to analyze the influence of company size, profitability, audit opinion, and company age on audit delay in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Audit delay refers to the time span between the end of the fiscal year and the completion date of the audit report, which can affect the relevance of financial information for all stakeholders. This study uses a quantitative method with secondary data obtained from annual financial reports. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique, and data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The independent variables tested include company size, profitability, audit opinion, and company age, while the dependent variable is audit delay. The results show that partially only audit opinion has a significant effect on audit delay. This means that the type of audit opinion received by a company can extend the audit process. Meanwhile, company size, profitability, and company age do not show a significant effect on audit delay. This finding provides insight that external factors in the form of audit opinions have a greater impact on the time required in the audit process compared to internal company factors. This study is expected to contribute to auditors, company management, and investors in understanding the factors that influence the timeliness of financial reporting, as well as the importance of maintaining the quality of audit opinions to accelerate the completion of audit reports. Furthermore, the results of this study provide insight that companies with more complex audit opinions tend to require longer audit processes. Therefore, companies must improve transparency and accuracy in their financial reports to minimize the likelihood of an adverse audit opinion.
Peran Motivasi Kerja Memediasi Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja pada Perawat di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Bali
Job satisfaction refers to a positive emotional response by employees toward their work, reflecting not only contentment but also a long-term commitment to the organization and a tendency to enhance productivity. This study aims to examine the role of work motivation as a mediating variable in the relationship between work stress and job satisfaction. The research was conducted at Bali Provincial Mental Hospital with a total sample of 76 contract nurses, determined using a saturated sampling method. The study is based on Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory as its theoretical framework. Data were collected through interviews and surveys using structured questionnaires as research instruments, and analyzed using path analysis techniques. The findings reveal that: (1) work stress has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction, indicating that higher levels of stress reduce employees’ satisfaction with their work; (2) work stress has a negative and significant effect on work motivation, showing that increased stress lowers employees’ drive to perform; (3) work motivation has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, suggesting that motivated employees tend to have higher satisfaction levels; and (4) work motivation partially mediates the relationship between work stress and job satisfaction, meaning that stress impacts satisfaction both directly and indirectly through its influence on motivation. The study’s implications highlight the need for management to monitor and address work stress levels among contract nurses. Effective stress management strategies can reduce its negative impact, foster motivation, and ultimately improve job satisfaction. The results are expected to serve as a reference for developing policies and interventions aimed at enhancing nurse well-being and performance. Future research is encouraged to explore additional factors that may contribute to improving job satisfaction in healthcare settings.
Pengaruh Biaya Lingkungan, Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan, Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon terhadap Kinerja Lingkungan pada Perusahaan Tergolong SRI-KEHATI
Companies classified in the SRI-KEHATI index are expected to show commitment to sustainable business practices, including in terms of environmental management. This study aims to examine the influence of environmental costs, environmental management systems, and carbon emission disclosure on the environmental performance of companies classified in the SRI-KEHATI index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of December 31, 2021–2023. This study uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques on 15 companies, resulting in 45 observations. Data were obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports, then analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The results of the study show that environmental costs and environmental management systems have a positive effect on the company's environmental performance. This shows that companies that allocate real funds to environmental activities and have a structured and effective environmental management system tend to show better environmental performance. Meanwhile, the disclosure of carbon emissions has no significant influence on environmental performance. This means that simply revealing information related to carbon emissions in the company's report is not enough to reflect the actual environmental performance. The implication of the results of this study is that the legitimacy of the company in the context of environmental sustainability is not only built through the disclosure of information, but also through tangible implementations such as the expenditure of environmental costs and the implementation of an effective environmental management system. These findings provide an impetus for companies to not only focus on the reporting aspect, but also strengthen internal practices that support sustainability. In addition, the results of this study are expected to be a reference for stakeholders in assessing the company's environmental commitment in a more comprehensive and objective manner.
Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan dan Klasifikasi Wilayah di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Inequality in income distribution between regions is a persistent structural problem in Indonesia's economic development, including in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). Differences in the quality of Human Resources (HR), investment intensity, economic growth, unemployment rates, and minimum wages in each region lead to imbalances in welfare attainment. DIY even recorded the highest Gini index in Indonesia as of March 2024, indicating the most severe level of inequality nationally. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of HR quality, investment, economic growth, unemployment rates, and minimum wages on inter-regional income inequality in DIY Province. In addition, this study also classifies five regencies/cities in DIY into a regional growth typology based on the Klassen Typology approach, which combines indicators of economic growth and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita. The type of data used is secondary panel data from the five regencies/cities during 2014–2023, obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software, and is complemented by classical assumption testing and Klassen Typology analysis. This research design is quantitative descriptive and associative, with a data-driven empirical approach. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously all five variables have a significant effect on income distribution inequality, but partially only human resource quality has a positive and significant effect. Regional classification based on Klassen Typology places Yogyakarta and Sleman as developed regions, while Bantul and Gunungkidul are classified as underdeveloped. The implications of this study show the importance of an inclusive and region-based development policy direction. Regional governments need to prioritize improving human resource quality through education and health.
Pengelolaan Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat di Daya Tarik Wisata Alas Pala Sangeh, Kecamatan Abiansemal, Kabupaten Badung
Community-Based Tourism (CBT) management at the Alas Pala Sangeh tourist attraction aims to encourage environmental conservation and local economic empowerment through active community participation. However, this participation is not evenly distributed. Management faces obstacles such as limited managerial capacity, lack of digital promotion, and dependence on tourist visits, which risks reducing service quality, creating economic inequality, and threatening environmental sustainability. This study answers three main questions: (1) How is community participation in CBT management at Alas Pala Sangeh?, (2) What are the obstacles faced?, and (3) What is the impact of implementing CBT at this location? This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a theoretical foundation of Community-Based Tourism, POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) management, and the Triple Bottom Line (People, Planet, Profit) approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, literature study, structured and in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results show that community participation is systematically integrated through the POAC approach, in which the Sangeh Traditional Village and the local community are actively involved in all stages of tourism management. Key constraints include limited inclusive participation, unequal institutional capacity, unequal distribution of economic benefits, and environmental challenges resulting from tourist behavior. The implementation of CBT has had positive impacts based on the Triple Bottom Line framework: increased income and growth of MSMEs (profit), cultural preservation and strengthening of local identity (people), and environmental conservation through the protection of nutmeg forests and wildlife habitats (planet). Therefore, CBT management in Alas Pala Sangeh has strong potential to realize sustainable and inclusive tourism and support the long-term economic well-being of the community. However, to achieve the maximum potential in community-based tourism management, improvements are needed in several aspects, particularly related to increasing managerial capacity and digital promotion.
Analisis Faktor Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Psikologis Yang Memengaruhi Keputusan Berwirausaha Usia Produktif di Kabupaten Badung.
Badung Regency is one of the primary economic growth centers in Bali Province, supported by a high Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), especially in the tourism sector. Despite this strong economic foundation, the relatively low number of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) indicates a gap between the region’s economic potential and actual entrepreneurial engagement. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing entrepreneurial decisions among individuals in the prime working age group (ages 25–45) in Badung Regency. The research focuses on four independent variables: access to capital, education level, market access, and social environment. The study employs an associative quantitative approach using a logistic regression model to assess the responses of 100 participants selected through purposive sampling. The results reveal that access to capital, education, and market access have a statistically significant and positive influence on entrepreneurial decision-making. In contrast, the social environment shows a positive direction but does not significantly influence the decision to pursue entrepreneurship. These findings suggest that structural factors such as financial access and market reach play a more critical role in encouraging entrepreneurship than socio-cultural influences. The research implies that efforts to increase entrepreneurial activity in Badung Regency should prioritize improving access to inclusive and affordable financing options, enhancing entrepreneurship education programs tailored to market needs, and creating an enabling ecosystem that facilitates market access for new and existing MSMEs. Strengthening institutional support for entrepreneurial infrastructure can help bridge the gap between potential and practice. In conclusion, entrepreneurship development in Badung Regency requires strategic collaboration between government, private sectors, and educational institutions to foster a more conducive environment for sustainable and inclusive economic growth driven by entrepreneurial activities.
Analisis Dampak Motivasi, Lingkungan Kerja, Kedisiplinan, dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan di PT. Prima Alloy Steel Universal Tbk.
This study was conducted to measure the extent to which work motivation, work environment conditions, discipline, and career development influence job satisfaction, both collectively and individually, among employees of PT. Prima Paduan Baja Universal Tbk. This study used a quantitative approach, with data collected through questionnaires from 100 permanent employees. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to assess the impact of independent variables on job satisfaction as the dependent variable. The results of the study published that, collectively, motivation, work environment, discipline, and career development have a significant influence on the level of job satisfaction. Meanwhile, separately, each independent variable also shows a positive and significant influence; with the work environment as the most influential factor, followed by motivation. These findings highlight the importance of strategically managing motivational aspects, work atmosphere, discipline, and career development to improve employee satisfaction and performance. Therefore, companies are advised to implement human resource management policies that are adaptive, comprehensive, and focused on employee development. In addition, the coefficient of determination analysis shows that these four factors are able to explain 38.7% of the variation in job satisfaction among employees. Furthermore, the results of this study also provide insight for company management regarding areas that need attention in improving employee welfare. While all four factors have significant influence, maintaining a positive work environment, including meeting employees' physical and psychological needs, is crucial, as it can create a more conducive atmosphere for productivity. High motivation and clear career development can also increase employee engagement and commitment to the company. Therefore, companies need to continuously issue and improve policies related to the work environment, discipline, and career development opportunities to ensure sustainable job satisfaction and long-term performance improvement.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan di Indonesia Sebelum dan Setelah Pandemi Covid-19
This study aims to analyze the differences in the financial performance of the banking sector in Indonesia between the period before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Financial performance is measured using four fundamental ratios, namely Return on Asset (ROA) for profitability, Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) for liquidity, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) for capital, and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) for credit risk. This study uses a comparative quantitative approach with secondary data from the annual financial statements of 39 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2019 (before the pandemic) and 2023 (after the pandemic). The data analysis technique used is the Paired Sample T-Test with the help of the SPSS version 25 program. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the ratio of CAR and NPL. The average CAR after the pandemic (37.69%) is significantly higher than before the pandemic (23.81%), which indicates a massive strengthening of bank capital in response to economic uncertainty. The average NPL after the pandemic (1.41%) was also significantly lower than before the pandemic (2.18%), indicating an improvement in the quality of credit assets and the effectiveness of credit risk management implemented by banks post-pandemic. In contrast, the study did not find a statistically significant difference in the ROA and LDR ratios between the two periods, indicating stability in the aspects of banking profitability and liquidity in the sample studied. This shows that even though the banking sector was affected by the pandemic, the ability to generate profits and maintain a balance between third-party funds and credit was maintained. These findings provide important implications for regulators and industry players in formulating adaptive financial policies in the midst of crisis conditions.
Pengaruh Iklan Instagram Reels Serta Electronic Word of Mouth Terhadap Brand Awareness Layanan Indibiz pada Telkom Daerah Ubung
The focus of this study is to examine the effect of Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on increasing brand awareness of Indibiz services in the Ubung Telkom area. The independent variables in this study are Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM), while the dependent variable is brand awareness. The population in this study is the target market of Indibiz services. The sample was determined using the Lemeshow formula, because the population size is unknown, the sample was determined using random and purposive sampling with several characteristics, the sample in this study consisted of 96 respondents. This study uses primary data as the main source of information collected through questionnaires distributed via Google Forms. This is a type of quantitative research. In this study, data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques with the support of SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) software. The findings of this study indicate that Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) simultaneously influence the increase in brand awareness. Partially, the variables of Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) also influence the increase in brand awareness. This study aims to examine the effect of Instagram Reels ads and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on increasing brand awareness of Indibiz services in the Ubung Telkom area. The independent variables in this study are Instagram Reels ads and e-WOM, while the dependent variable is brand awareness. This study used a sample of 96 respondents selected through random and purposive sampling, with primary data collected using a questionnaire via Google Forms. Using multiple linear regression techniques and SPSS analysis, the results of the study show that both Instagram Reels ads and e-WOM significantly influence the increase in brand awareness, both simultaneously and partially.
Strategi Pengelolaan Objek Wisata Berbasis Prinsip Manajemen Bisnis Syariah di Taman Panorama Baru Kota Bukittinggi
This research is motivated by obstacles in developing tourism management strategies that impact the economy of the surrounding community. The under-management of tourism potential presents a challenge for managers and the local community to improve their welfare. This study aims to determine the application of Sharia-based business management and management strategies to increase tourist visits and business revenue at the Taman Panorama Baru tourist attraction. This tourist attraction has significant potential for development, but there are several management challenges that need to be addressed. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach to explore information related to Sharia-based tourism management and the factors influencing its success. The results indicate that the success of this tourist attraction is influenced by several key factors, namely independent management (community self-help) that strengthens internal strengths, and makes Taman Panorama Baru a popular destination by early 2024. The implementation of Sharia-based business management has met the criteria for halal tourism, including the provision of halal culinary delights, clean and comfortable facilities, and regular religious activities carried out by the local community. In addition, the availability of continuously developing facilities and infrastructure also attracts tourists and strengthens local economic cooperation. Through collaboration between tourism managers and the community, this attraction has successfully increased its appeal to both domestic and international tourists and strengthened the local economy. This research provides a significant contribution to the development of Sharia-compliant tourism management strategies, which can serve as a reference for other tourism managers in creating competitive destinations that provide sustainable economic benefits.
Peran Profitabilitas dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Leverage terhadap Nilai Perusahaan
Firm value is a key indicator reflecting how investors assess the performance and future prospects of a business entity. This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity and leverage on firm value, considering the role of profitability as a mediating variable. The objects of this study were companies belonging to the tourism subsector and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2021 to 2024. The approach used was a quantitative approach with an associative research type. The data used were secondary data obtained from the official IDX website, www.idx.com. The sampling technique used a census method, where the entire population of tourism subsector companies that met the inclusion criteria during the observation period was used as a sample. From the selection results, 40 tourism subsector companies were obtained as the objects of the study. The results of the data analysis showed that the variables of liquidity, leverage, and profitability had a positive and significant influence on firm value. However, liquidity and leverage also found a negative effect on profitability. Of these two variables, only leverage showed a statistically significant negative effect on profitability. Furthermore, the results also revealed that profitability was unable to mediate the relationship between liquidity and leverage on firm value. These findings indicate that while profitability is a crucial aspect in increasing firm value, in the context of the tourism subsector, the direct influence of liquidity and leverage on firm value is more dominant than the indirect effect through profitability. Therefore, company management in this sector needs to pay closer attention to liquidity management strategies and capital structure to optimally increase firm value.
Analisis Dampak Pelaksanaan Pemilihan Presiden Tahun 2024 terhadap Trading Volume Activity dan Abnormal Return di Pasar Modal Indonesia
The 2024 presidential election can be considered as a significant source of information for investors and a consideration in making decisions in the capital market. In the capital market context, political information such as elections can raise expectations regarding the direction of future economic, fiscal, and investment policies, which directly or indirectly impact investors' risk perceptions and profit prospects. Therefore, information content testing aims to observe the reaction to an announcement in this election, which can be measured through quantitative indicators such as Trading Volume Activity (TVA) and abnormal returns. The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in TVA and abnormal returns before and after the 2024 presidential election for companies included in the LQ45 index, an index consisting of stocks with high liquidity and large market capitalization on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The selection of the LQ45 as the research object is based on the assumption that these stocks are more sensitive to changes in macro information and market sentiment because they are the primary focus of institutional and retail investors. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, with an event window of 11 days, namely 5 trading days before and 5 trading days after the election. The data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test to identify significant differences before and after the election. The results showed a significant difference in Trading Volume Activity, reflecting an increase in stock trading activity before and after the election. This indicates that investors responded to the political event by increasing transactions, either due to fear, positive expectations, or short-term portfolio strategies.
Pengaruh Overconfidence dan Herding Bias pada Pembuatan Keputusan Investasi dengan Tingkat Pendidikan sebagai Variabel Moderasi
This study aims to analyze the influence of overconfidence and herding behavioral biases on investment decisions, and examine the role of education level as a moderating variable in this relationship. This study is based on behavioral finance theory, which states that investment decisions are not always rational but are strongly influenced by psychological factors, such as overconfidence and the tendency to follow the majority (herding). Primary data were collected from 384 Indonesian capital market investors selected using a purposive sampling method, based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire designed to measure the variables studied. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach using SmartPLS 4.0 software to test the causal relationship between variables and the moderating role of education. The results show that overconfidence and herding biases have a positive and significant influence on investment decisions. This means that the higher the level of self-confidence or the tendency to follow the majority, the greater the likelihood that investors will make investment decisions that may not be based on fundamental analysis. Interestingly, the results of the moderation test indicate that education level actually strengthens the influence of both biases. This contradicts the initial hypothesis that higher education would reduce the impact of behavioral bias. These findings suggest that formal education alone is insufficient to suppress behavioral bias in investment decision-making. In fact, the higher the education level, the more likely investors are to have greater analytical confidence in their own abilities and remain susceptible to herding behavior. Therefore, more practical and contextual financial literacy is needed to balance intellectual knowledge with psychological control in investing.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Pengembangan Karier, dan Sistem Penghargaan terhadap SDM dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Mediator di Dinas Kesehatan Tegal
This study aims to examine the influence of work environment, career development, and reward system on the development of human resources (HR) with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The research focuses on employees at the Tegal City Health Office, employing a quantitative research design. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of structured questionnaires to 95 respondents selected using purposive sampling, ensuring that participants met predetermined criteria relevant to the study’s objectives. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach to test both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that the work environment, career development, and reward system each exert a positive and significant direct effect on HR development. Additionally, these factors also have an indirect influence on HR development through the mediation of job satisfaction, indicating that job satisfaction serves as a key pathway linking organizational factors to HR outcomes. A supportive work environment fosters employee comfort and collaboration, structured career development opportunities enhance motivation and skill advancement, and a fair, transparent reward system boosts morale and engagement. Together, these elements contribute to producing employees who are more professional, productive, and competent. The implications of this research highlight the importance for public sector organizations, particularly in the health service sector, to prioritize policies that promote a conducive work atmosphere, provide clear career pathways, and implement equitable reward systems. Such strategies are crucial not only for improving job satisfaction but also for ensuring sustainable HR development that aligns with organizational goals. The study offers empirical evidence to support decision-making in HR management and serves as a reference for designing effective and long-term HR development strategies in government institutions.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan
This study aims: 1) To determine the effect of product quality on customer loyalty at Pelangi Losari Brebes printing, 2) To determine the effect of service quality on customer loyalty at Pelangi Losari Brebes printing 3) To determine the effect of product quality and service quality on customer loyalty at Pelangi Losari Brebes printing. The type of research used in this study is a quantitative approach, this study has a population of 100 by taking a sample of 100 respondents. Based on the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that H1: Product Quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty at Pelangi Losari Brebes Printing with a t-count value of 2.251> 1.661 and a significant value of 0.028 <0.05. and the influence value is 20% reviewed from several indicators such as Performance, Features, Reliability, Conformity to Specifications, Durability, and Ease of Repair, H2: Product Quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction at Pelangi Losari Brebes Printing with a t-count value of 2.774 <t-table 1.661 and a sig. value of 0.007> 0.05. and the influence value is 49% reviewed from several indicators such as Reliability, Responsiveness (ability to respond), Assurance (guarantee), Empathy (empathy) and Tangible (physical evidence). And H3 Product quality and service quality simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty at Pelangi Losari Brebes Printing with a calculated F-value > F-table (6.866 > 2.695) and a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. and the influence value is 61.20% and the remaining 38.80% is influenced by variables not examined in this study.
Peran Kepuasan Kerja Memediasi Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada the Lerina Hotel Nusa Dua Bali
This study aims to analyze the influence of work motivation on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable at The Lerina Hotel Nusa Dua Bali. Employees at this hotel are generally able to meet the company's job standards; however, challenges remain in motivating employees to achieve higher performance results. This is evident as most employees have yet to reach optimal performance. Therefore, strategies are needed to improve performance through strengthening work motivation and job satisfaction. The population in this study consists of all employees at The Lerina Hotel Nusa Dua Bali, totaling 53 employees. The sample was selected using a non-probability sampling technique with total sampling. Data was collected through the distribution of online questionnaires via Google Forms. The data analysis technique used was Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with path analysis. The results of the study indicate that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on both job satisfaction and employee performance. High motivation increases employee enthusiasm, which in turn affects their performance. However, job satisfaction has a positive but not significant effect on employee performance. This suggests that although job satisfaction can enhance performance, its impact is smaller compared to work motivation itself. Furthermore, job satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between work motivation and employee performance. This study is expected to provide insights for the management of The Lerina Hotel Nusa Dua Bali in designing strategies to increase employee work motivation. This is crucial for enabling employees to achieve higher performance. Additionally, the findings of this study are expected to serve as a useful reference for further research on the relationship between work motivation, job satisfaction, and employee performance.
Pengaruh Rasio Klaim dan Biaya Operasional terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan dengan Imbal Jasa Penjaminan sebagai Variabel Moderasi di PT. Jamkrindo Cabang Medan Tahun 2019-2023
This study aims to analyze the effect of the claim ratio and operating costs on the profitability of a guarantee company, with guarantee fees as a moderating variable. The profitability of a guarantee company is an important indicator in measuring financial performance and business sustainability, therefore the factors that influence it need to be studied in depth. The research data were obtained from the monthly financial statements of PT Jamkrindo for a five-year period, thus reflecting the company's actual condition over a relatively long period. The analytical methods used were multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of EViews software, which allows testing of direct effects and interactions between variables. The results show that the claim ratio has a negative but insignificant effect on profitability, indicating that an increase in the claim ratio tends to decrease profitability, although the effect is not statistically strong enough. Meanwhile, operating costs have a positive but insignificant effect on profitability, which may indicate that the efficiency of operational cost management is not yet a major determinant of financial performance. Other findings indicate that guarantee fees are able to negatively moderate the relationship between the claim ratio and profitability, meaning that an increase in the guarantee fee can strengthen the impact of the decline in profitability due to a high claim ratio. Conversely, underwriting fees were unable to moderate the effect of operating costs on profitability, indicating that increased underwriting revenue does not directly mitigate the impact of operating costs on financial performance. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of optimal claim ratio management and utilizing underwriting fees as a strategy to increase profitability. These results can serve as a reference for underwriting company management in formulating more effective policies to maintain financial stability and competitiveness in the underwriting industry.
Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Manufaktur Indonesia di Pasar Global
International trade plays a strategic role in driving economic growth, especially for developing countries like Indonesia. Manufacturing exports are a key driver of added value creation, employment, and foreign exchange earnings. However, despite significant export potential, their contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) tends to stagnate due to low levels of innovation, product quality, and competitiveness in the global market. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian manufacturing exports to identify leading and lagging sectors. The method used combines the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) approach to measure comparative advantage, the Export Competitiveness Index (ECI) to assess market share dynamics, and the Trade Specialization Index (ISP) to determine Indonesia's position as a net exporter or importer. The analysis was conducted on 15 categories of manufactured goods based on the Harmonized System (HS) code using export data from 2001–2023. The results show that Indonesia's manufacturing competitiveness is heterogeneous. Several product groups, such as Other Chemical Products, Rubber, Knitted Apparel, Non-Knitted Apparel, Iron and Steel, and Electrical Equipment, have strong comparative advantages, relatively stable market shares, and act as net exporters. Conversely, product groups such as Organic Chemicals, Pharmaceutical Products, Plastics, Other Finished Textiles, Iron and Steel Products, Machinery, Motor Vehicles, Aircraft, and Furniture exhibit weak competitiveness and tend to be net importers. These findings indicate the need for an integrated strategy to strengthen industrial downstreaming, increase innovation, improve quality standards, and restructure weak sectors. Furthermore, reducing dependence on imported raw materials and creating a stable investment climate are crucial prerequisites. With appropriate policies, the productivity and efficiency of Indonesia's manufacturing sector can increase, enabling it to compete more effectively in the global market and contribute significantly to national economic growth.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Keterlibatan Pegawai Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai
This study aims to analyze the influence of competence (X1) and compensation (X2) on job satisfaction (Y) with employee engagement (Z) as a mediating variable in Bali High Prosecutor's Office employees. The research method used is quantitative with primary data obtained directly from 119 respondents. The analysis was conducted using Smart PLS 4.0 with a variance-based approach. The results of the study show: (1) Employee engagement has a significant effect on job satisfaction (p = 2.247; sig. = 0.025), so H1 is accepted. High engagement reflects employee enthusiasm, commitment, and active participation. (2) Compensation has a significant effect on job satisfaction (p = 4.818; sig. = 0.000), so H2 is accepted. This emphasizes the importance of a transparent, fair, and competitive system to maintain employee satisfaction, productivity, and loyalty. (3) Compensation does not have a significant effect on employee engagement (p = 1.442; sig. = 0.155), so H3 is rejected. The level of financial imbalance does not directly increase employee emotional or psychological engagement. (4) Competence has a significant effect on job satisfaction (p = 3.583; sig. = 0.000), so H4 is accepted. High competence boosts productivity, self-confidence, and work quality. (5) Competence has a significant effect on employee engagement (p = 3.002; sig. = 0.003), so H5 is accepted. Employees who feel competent tend to be more motivated and connected to their work. (6) Employee engagement does not mediate the relationship between competence and job satisfaction (p = 0.483; sig. = 0.602), so H6 is rejected. (7) Employee engagement also does not mediate the relationship between compensation and job satisfaction (p = 0.139; sig. = 0.890), so H7 is rejected. This study confirms the importance of competence and compensation in increasing job satisfaction, but employee engagement is not proven to be a mediator in this relationship.
Systematic Literature Review: Peran Machine Learning dalam Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has driven the integration of technology across various sectors, including the application of machine learning (ML) in Human Resource Management (HRM). This technology offers significant potential for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of HR management. This study, conducted using a systematic literature review (SLR), aims to examine the potential, driving and inhibiting factors, and impact of machine learning implementation in HRM. The results show that the application of ML in HRM offers significant benefits, including accelerating and improving the accuracy of the recruitment process, predicting employee turnover rates, providing appropriate training recommendations for employees, and evaluating and personalizing HR performance. Machine learning also plays a role in supporting more informed strategic decision-making. Factors driving ML implementation include the need for accurate decision-making, processing large amounts of data, and higher operational efficiency. However, several challenges hinder its implementation, such as data privacy and security concerns, potential bias in algorithms, high implementation costs, and corporate cultural resistance to change. Despite these challenges, the positive impact of machine learning implementation is significant, particularly in transforming the role of HRD to become more strategic, increasing efficiency and accuracy, and accelerating the completion of administrative work. However, the application of this technology also carries risks, such as data privacy breaches, discrimination due to algorithmic bias, and resistance within corporate cultures that hinder the adoption of new technologies. Therefore, while machine learning offers significant potential, its implementation in HR must be undertaken cautiously, with proper risk management to maximize its benefits and minimize potential negative impacts.
Pengaruh Pengembangan Keterampilan Digital dan Literasi Teknologi Terhadap Kesempatan Kerja di Kalangan Milenial Kota Mataram
The rapid advancement of technology and the increasing digitization of various sectors have created new challenges and opportunities in the labor market. This research highlights the importance of digital skills and technological literacy as key factors in improving job prospects for millennials. In particular, the study underscores the need for young people in urban areas, such as Mataram City, to be equipped with competencies that align with the demands of the digital economy. As the workforce evolves, the ability to navigate digital tools, platforms, and systems is becoming crucial for both personal career development and organizational growth. The findings also reveal that while many millennials are familiar with basic digital tools, there is a significant gap when it comes to advanced technological skills, such as data analysis, software development, and cybersecurity. This discrepancy can limit their access to more specialized job opportunities, especially in a competitive digital job market. The study suggests that government programs, corporate initiatives, and educational reforms should focus on providing opportunities for digital upskilling that target both basic and advanced levels of technological proficiency. Moreover, this research points to the importance of fostering a culture of lifelong learning, where individuals continuously update their digital skills to stay relevant in the workforce. The rise of remote work and the gig economy has made it even more crucial for millennials to adapt to flexible work models and demonstrate their ability to work independently in digital environments. By enhancing their digital competencies, millennials can not only secure better job opportunities but also contribute more effectively to the digital economy, which is expected to continue growing in the coming years. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the role of digital skills in employability, offering valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and businesses.
Analisis Perubahan Kebijakan Administrasi dalam Pelayanan Publik di Kantor Kecamatan Sirombu Kabupaten Nias Barat : Tantangan, Solusi, dan Implikasinya terhadap Masyarakat
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of administrative policy changes in public services in the Sirombu District Office, West Nias Regency. The method used in this study was an in-depth interview with ten informants, comprising employees and members of the public. The results of the study show that the implementation of the new policy has increased the efficiency and transparency of services, primarily through the simplification of procedures and the implementation of a one-stop service system. This transformation has significantly reduced the processing time for various administrative tasks, making the public service experience smoother and more efficient for the citizens. The simplification of procedures has also helped in reducing bureaucratic red tape, enabling faster approvals for permits and other official documents. Moreover, the one-stop service system has consolidated various services in a single location, which minimizes the need for citizens to visit multiple offices, thus saving both time and effort. However, there are obstacles faced in the implementation of this policy. These include limited infrastructure, particularly inadequate IT infrastructure and unreliable internet access, which hampers the smooth execution of online services. Low digital literacy among some citizens further complicates the effective utilization of the new system. Moreover, there is a lack of adequate employee training, which results in inefficiencies in handling digital systems and responding to public queries. Despite these challenges, the public has responded positively to the policy, recognizing its potential to improve service delivery. However, certain shortcomings still need to be addressed, such as improving the clarity of procedures, enhancing queue management systems, and addressing the needs of vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and those without access to digital tools.
Blockchain dalam Manajemen Keuangan: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur 2024–2025
This study reviews recent international literature (2024–2025) on the application of blockchain in financial management. The findings indicate that blockchain contributes significantly across various areas, including supply chain finance (SCF), financial reporting, working capital management, asset tokenization, and decentralized finance (DeFi). In SCF, blockchain improves transaction traceability, reduces information asymmetry, and lowers the risk of supply chain disruptions. In financial reporting, blockchain-based e-invoicing enhances transparency, accountability, and reduces the cost of equity by improving investor confidence. The integration of blockchain into working capital management enables real-time synchronization of financial and operational data, thereby strengthening decision-making and liquidity optimization. Meanwhile, asset tokenization creates opportunities for democratizing investment access and diversifying funding sources. DeFi, while offering innovative financing alternatives and disrupting traditional financial intermediaries, remains strongly influenced by global macroeconomic dynamics and regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, blockchain enhances cross-border trade efficiency by streamlining document verification, reducing transaction delays, and fostering trust among international trading partners. Despite these substantial benefits, blockchain adoption continues to face challenges, such as regulatory uncertainty, cybersecurity risks, scalability limitations, and digital asset volatility. Overall, the synthesis of literature highlights blockchain not only as a technological innovation but also as a strategic pillar in modern financial governance. This study also suggests that future research should examine the integration of blockchain with global regulatory frameworks, green finance initiatives, and sustainable financial practices to ensure both scalability and long-term resilience.
Analisis Pengaruh Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia, Efikasi Diri, dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Fakultas Ekonomi Bisnis
This study examines the influence of human resource development, self-efficacy, and work motivation on the work readiness of final-year stu dents, with a focus on the Faculty of Economics and Business. In the context of an increasingly competitive job market, work readiness is a critical factor for students to successfully adapt and excel in professional environments. Human resource development is expected to enhance students’ skills and competencies, self-efficacy reflects their confidence in performing tasks, and work motivation serves as a driving factor for performance and career achievement. The research employed a quantitative survey method, with data collected through structured questionnaires distributed to the entire population of 100 final-year students. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, whereby all members of the population were included as respondents. Data analysis revealed that human resource development and self-efficacy have a significant and positive effect on work readiness, indicating that both skill enrichment and confidence in one’s abilities play a key role in preparing students for employment. In contrast, work motivation was found to have no significant direct effect on work readiness, suggesting that other factors may mediate or influence the relationship between motivation and readiness to work. Furthermore, the simultaneous influence of human resource development and self-efficacy on work readiness was found to be highly substantial, with a contribution of 96.00%, leaving only 4.00% attributable to other unexamined variables. These findings highlight the importance for educational institutions to prioritize structured programs that build both professional skills and self-confidence among students. Recommendations from this study emphasize the need for competency-based training, mentoring, and targeted motivational strategies to ensure graduates are well-prepared to navigate the demands of the workforce and achieve sustainable career success.
Peran Kesadaran Merek dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Daya Tarik Iklan Instagram terhadap Niat Beli
The development of social media, particularly Instagram, has provided significant opportunities for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to promote their products through digital marketing. One MSME that actively utilizes Instagram advertising features is Kilo Kalori, a cake shop based in Denpasar. While Instagram advertisements have been effective in raising brand awareness, their impact on consumer purchase intention has not been clearly understood. This study aims to analyze the influence of Instagram ad appeal on brand awareness and purchase intention, while also examining the mediating role of brand awareness in this relationship. A quantitative approach was adopted using a survey method, with respondents consisting of Instagram users in Denpasar who had been exposed to Kilo Kalori advertisements but had not previously purchased the products. Data were analyzed using path analysis to test both direct and indirect effects. The results reveal that Instagram ad appeal has a positive and significant effect on both brand awareness and consumer purchase intention. Moreover, brand awareness is found to significantly mediate the relationship between ad appeal and purchase intention, indicating that advertisement effectiveness is enhanced when consumers are able to recognize and recall the brand. These findings emphasize the importance for MSME practitioners to design creative and engaging advertisements that not only capture attention but also build strong brand awareness, which in turn stimulates consumer purchase intention and supports long-term business growth.
Pengaruh Pelayanan dan Kualitas Produk terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Toko Wiratani Kota Palopo
This study aims to examine the influence of service and product quality on customer satisfaction at Toko Wiratani in Palopo City. In the current era of increasingly intense business competition, companies are required to consistently deliver excellent service and high-quality products to maintain customer loyalty and competitive advantage. The research employed a quantitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires distributed to 50 respondents. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, validity and reliability tests, t-test, F-test, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The findings reveal that both service and product quality have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, both simultaneously and partially. Service aspects such as friendliness, responsibility, responsiveness, and staff knowledge, combined with product quality dimensions including reliability, durability, and conformity, emerge as key drivers of satisfaction. Furthermore, the results suggest that improvements in service and product quality not only enhance immediate satisfaction but also contribute to long-term customer loyalty. This research provides practical implications for Toko Wiratani, emphasizing the need for continuous innovation and improvement in both service quality and product excellence. By prioritizing these aspects, the company can build stronger relationships with customers, ensure repeat purchases, and maintain sustainable business growth in a competitive marketplace.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran dan Penyelamatan Sektor Palopo
Human resources (HR) are a vital asset for every organization as they act as planners, implementers, and drivers in achieving organizational goals. Employee performance is the main indicator of organizational success, measured by the quality and quantity of work results in accordance with assigned tasks. In an organizational context, employee performance is influenced by multiple factors, including leadership style, motivation, and work environment. Leadership style reflects the behavioral norms applied by supervisors in influencing employees, which can either encourage or hinder performance. Motivation plays a crucial role in fostering enthusiasm, responsibility, and productivity, while a conducive work environment enhances comfort and supports harmonious working relationships that positively impact performance. This study focuses on the Fire and Rescue Department of Palopo Sector, which has unique characteristics of high-risk fieldwork and challenging environmental conditions, such as exposure to heat, dust, and direct interaction with the public. Using a quantitative approach, the study surveyed both civil servant and non-civil servant employees to analyze the influence of leadership style, work environment, and motivation on performance. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression techniques. The results are expected to demonstrate that all three variables—leadership style, work environment, and motivation—have both partial and simultaneous effects on employee performance. The findings of this study can provide practical insights for organizational leaders in improving human resource management, particularly in work environments with high levels of risk and responsibility.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai pada Dinas Perhubungan Kota Makassar
This study aims to determine the influence of organizational culture on employee job satisfaction at the Department of Transportation of Makassar City. The focus of this research is to analyze the extent to which values, norms, and habits that shape organizational culture can affect job satisfaction. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a survey conducted on 80 respondents. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results show that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. The stronger the organizational culture is implemented, the higher the level of employee job satisfaction. These findings emphasize the importance of applying values such as integrity, teamwork, discipline, and professionalism in improving employee job satisfaction in the public service sector. This study aims to determine the influence of organizational culture on employee job satisfaction at the Department of Transportation of Makassar City. The main focus of this research is to identify the extent to which values, norms, and habits that shape organizational culture can influence employees’ attitudes and feelings toward their work. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to 80 respondents who are employees of the Department of Transportation of Makassar City. The data analysis technique used was simple linear regression to determine the effect of the organizational culture variable on the job satisfaction variable. The results of the study show that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction. The stronger the organizational culture implemented, the higher the level of employee job satisfaction. These findings affirm that the application of values such as integrity, cooperation, and discipline in organizational culture can enhance employees’ motivation and work loyalty. Based on the analysis and discussion conducted, it can be concluded that organizational culture has a positive and significant influence on employee job satisfaction at the Department of Transportation of Makassar City. The better the implementation of organizational culture in the form of values such as result orientation, open communication, and concern for employees, the higher the job satisfaction of employees. A healthy organizational culture plays an important role in shaping positive work behavior, increasing commitment, and supporting the achievement of optimal organizational performance.
Analisis Potensi Financial Distress Menggunakan Metode Altman Z-Score, Springate, dan Zmijewski pada Perusahaan Nikel yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2020-2024
This study aims to analyze the potential for financial distress in nickel companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period using three bankruptcy prediction models: Altman Z-Score, Springate, and Zmijewski. The primary focus is to identify nickel companies experiencing potential bankruptcy, compare the prediction outcomes among the three models, and determine which model demonstrates the highest level of accuracy in predicting financial distress. This research employs a quantitative approach with a comparative method, in which the sample consists of nine nickel companies selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria. The analytical techniques used include the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to examine differences in prediction results between the models (Altman–Springate, Altman–Zmijewski, and Springate–Zmijewski) and an Accuracy Test to evaluate which model provides the most reliable predictions. The findings reveal significant differences among the models, indicating that Altman, Springate, and Zmijewski produce predictions that are not entirely consistent across companies, thereby reflecting the inherent strengths and limitations of each approach. Furthermore, the accuracy test results indicate that the Zmijewski model achieves the highest level of accuracy in predicting financial distress among nickel companies during the observation period, followed by the Altman model, while the Springate model demonstrates the lowest accuracy. These results highlight the importance of selecting the most appropriate predictive model when assessing corporate financial health, particularly within the nickel industry, which is characterized by high market volatility and business risks, thus providing valuable insights for companies, investors, and stakeholders in making strategic decisions to mitigate bankruptcy risk and ensure business sustainability.
Pengaruh Diskon dan Gratis Ongkir terhadap Keputusan Pembelian E-Commerce pada Mahasiswa PTMA di Jabodetabek
The rapid development of e-commerce (online stores) in Indonesia has attracted significant attention, especially among students, who represent a potential market segment. This study aims to analyze the impact of discount promotions and free shipping on purchase decisions through e-commerce among students at the Muhammadiyah-‘Aisyiyah Higher Education Institution (PTMA) in the Greater Jakarta area (Jabodetabek). This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where questionnaires were distributed to 80 selected respondents using purposive sampling. The data collected were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques with SPSS software. The results of the study show that both discount promotions and free shipping have a positive and significant impact on purchase decisions, both partially and simultaneously. Discounts and free shipping were found to be key factors in influencing purchasing decisions and increasing the shopping interest of students on e-commerce platforms. It can be concluded that appropriate promotional strategies, such as price reductions and free shipping, are effective in influencing consumer purchasing decisions in the digital marketplace. This study is expected to provide valuable contributions to e-commerce players in designing more effective promotional strategies and offer additional insights for academic research on consumer behavior in the digital market.
Fungsi Marketing sebagai Penggerak Rantai Nilai dalam Organisasi : Sebuah Systematic Literature Review
The role of marketing in modern organizations has undergone significant development, evolving from just a promotional or sales function to a key driver in creating, delivering, and maintaining value along the organization's value chain. However, most previous research has focused on increasing sales or partial customer satisfaction, while studies linking marketing functions to overall value chain mechanisms, particularly in the healthcare sector, remain limited. This research aims to fill this gap by conducting a systematic review of the literature that discusses marketing involvement in every stage of the value creation process, starting from product planning, procurement, production, distribution, to post-sales interaction. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the PRISMA protocol. A total of 19 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, revealing that marketing plays a strategic role as a link between customer needs and internal organizational capabilities. It strengthens coordination between departments and increases competitive advantage through innovation and the use of digital technology. The study's findings emphasize the importance of marketing functions in fostering value creation throughout the value chain. The implications of this research confirm the need for comprehensive integration of marketing into value chain management strategies, especially within the healthcare sector. This approach is crucial to strengthening customer journeys, enhancing service delivery, and building long-term, trust-based relationships with customers, thus improving organizational performance and sustainability
Pengaruh Citra Merek, Persepsi Harga, dan Kepuasan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Produk Fashion H&M di Kota Denpasar
Fashion has become an important part of everyday appearance and lifestyle. It is not limited to clothing, but also includes various functional items combined with sophisticated and unique design elements that can enhance one’s look. One of the rapidly growing industries in the fast fashion category is the H&M brand. This brand has become widely known worldwide for offering trendy fashion products at relatively affordable prices. H&M has become the top choice for many consumers who seek stylish clothing at competitive prices. This study uses Consumer Behavior theory to analyze the factors that influence customer loyalty toward H&M clothing products. The population of this study consists of customers who purchase H&M clothing, with a sample size of 120 people obtained through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to respondents who had previously purchased H&M products. Data analysis was conducted using classical assumption tests, multiple regression analysis, t-tests, and f-tests to examine the relationship between brand image, price perception, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. The results of the study show that brand image, price perception, and customer satisfaction have a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty both partially and simultaneously. A strong brand image can build an emotional connection with customers, while price perception that aligns with the value felt by customers can enhance their satisfaction. Furthermore, high customer satisfaction can strengthen their loyalty to the H&M brand. The implication of this research is that companies, by understanding consumer behavior theory, can more effectively build a strong brand image, set prices that match perceived value, and increase customer satisfaction. This will create sustainable loyalty, which is essential for the survival of businesses in the competitive fashion industry.