Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia
Journal Title: Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia (JIKKI) Initials: JIKKI Frequency: Maret, Juli dan November Print ISSN: 2827-8488 Online ISSN: 2827-797X Editor in Chief: Febri Adi Prasetya DOI: 10.55606 Publisher: Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia (JIKKI) : ISSN: 2827-8488 (cetak), ISSN: 2827-797X(online) diterbitkan 3 kali dalam setahun, yaitu pada bulan Maret, Juli dan November.Jurnal ini terakreditasi SINTA 5 (Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 10/C/C3/DT.05.00/2025 tanggal 21 Maret 2025 tentang Peringkat Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode I Tahun 2025) dimulai dari Volume 2 Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 sampai Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2027. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia menyajikan hasil penelitian dan tinjauan pustaka sehingga jurnal ini bermanfaat bagi dokter, pengambil kebijakan, tenaga kesehatan, dosen serta mahasiswa yang tertarik dengan publikasi ilmiah terkait Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indexed by : Journal Sponsors and Partners :
Analisis Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja Perawat Kontrak Instalasi Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara H.S. Samsoeri Mertojoso Surabaya
The performance of contract nurses in hospital inpatient units is significantly influenced by individual competence and workload carried out during the execution of duties. Therefore, it is essential for hospital management to understand how these two factors impact nursing performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of competence and workload on the performance of contract nurses at the Inpatient Installation of Bhayangkara H.S Samsoeri Mertojoso Surabaya hospital. This research employed a quantitative approach using an analytical survey design. A total of 87 contract nurses were selected through simple random sampling, based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Data were collected using closed-ended Likert scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on performance. The results showed that competence had a significant effect on nurse performance (p = 0.002), as did workload (p = 0.000). Simultaneously, competence and workload contributed 33.8% to the variation in nurse performance (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of continuous training programs and equitable workload management to improve the quality of nursing services. This study provides strategic recommendations for hospital human resource management, particularly in efforts to enhance service quality in inpatient care units.
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Dampak Pemilihan Waktu dan Cara Melahirkan pada Wanita dengan Riwayat Seksio Sesarea terhadap Luaran Ibu dan Neonatal: Suatu Systematic Review
The increasing number of cesarean sections (SC) globally has an impact on the increasing number of pregnant women with a history of previous surgeries. The choice between trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) and elective repeat cesarean section (ERCS) is a clinical challenge in balancing maternal and infant safety. This systematic review follows the guidelines of PRISMA 2020, with literature searches in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar (2015–2025). The studies analyzed included cohort design, prospective, retrospective, meta-analysis, and cross-section evaluating women with a single history of SC, single pregnancy, and head presentation. A total of 20 studies with a total of 1,096,999 participants were identified. The success of TOLAC is reported to reach 60–85% in developed countries and 30–40% in developing countries. The risk of uterine rupture was higher in TOLAC (1.3%; OR 2.01–3.35) compared to ERCS (~0%), but in absolute terms remains low. TOLAC that failed to improve maternal and neonatal morbidity, while ERCS before 39 weeks was associated with respiratory distress and early neonatal death. The implementation of ERCS ≥39 weeks reduced complications without increasing maternal risk. Both methods are relatively safe if performed in adequate facilities, and clinical decisions should be tailored to gestational age, mother-fetal condition, and readiness of obstetric emergency services.
A Cross – Sectional Study: The Correlation Between Premenstrual Syndrome and Quality of Life Among Midwifery Students at Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition among women of reproductive age, characterized by recurrent physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These symptoms may negatively affect academic performance and quality of life (QoL), particularly among midwifery students. This study aimed to examine the correlation between PMS severity and quality of life among midwifery students. A cross – sectional study was conducted among midwifery students using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) and the WHOQOL – BREF questionnaire. PMS severity and QoL domains – physical health, psychological health, social relationship and environment – were analyzed using Pearson correlation with significance level of p < 0,05. The findings showed that 9,52% of participants had poor QoL, 60,71% had moderate QoL and 29,76% had good QoL. PMS severity was significantly and negatively correlated with all QoL domains ( p = 0,001). The strongest correlation was observed in the physical domain ( r = -0,605), followed by psychological health (r = -0,574), social relationship ( r = -0,459) and environment ( r = -0,405). These results indicate that higher PMS severity is associated with lower QoL scores among midwifery students. PMS significantly affects the quality of life of midwifery students, especially in physical and psychological aspects. Early management and supportive interventions are essential to improve students well – being and academic performance.
Penerimaan Diri Orang Tua dengan Anak Down Syndrome : Literature Review
Parents always want ideal, healthy, and normal children, but there is a possibility that a child will be born with special needs, one of which is Down syndrome. Children who are different from their parents usually have an impact on their self-acceptance. This study aims to determine how parents accept children with Down syndrome. A literature review based on sources, namely journal articles published from 2015 to 2023, was used in this study. Using the Google Scholar database, you can search for journal articles using keywords such as Self-Acceptance, Parents, Children with Special Needs, and Down Syndrome. The results of the study show that the researchers selected 70 articles according to the criteria and obtained 10 journal articles. According to the ten journals, parents must go through four stages in accepting their child's condition of having Down syndrome, namely the stage of denial, the stage of conflict, the stage of adjustment, and the stage of acceptance. On the other hand, one journal states that self-acceptance consists of three stages, namely the stage of denial, the stage of adjustment, and the stage of acceptance. According to this study, self-acceptance is very important for parents with children with Down syndrome because it allows them to accept and embrace their child's condition as a whole. Accepting oneself is a difficult process and takes a long time.
Efektivitas Pemberian Kompres Daun Sirih terhadap Percepatan Penyembuhan Luka Perineum di PMB Lina Contesa
Perineal wounds are common among postpartum women and can interfere with recovery if not properly treated. One non-pharmacological approach to accelerate wound healing is the use of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) compresses, which possess antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of betel leaf compresses in accelerating perineal wound healing among postpartum women at PMB Lina Contesa. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach involving 32 respondents divided into intervention and control groups. The instrument used was an observation sheet assessing perineal wound healing. The Wilcoxon test results showed a significant improvement in wound healing scores in the intervention group (p = 0.000), while no significant difference was found in the control group (p = 0.083). The Mann-Whitney test indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.001). It can be concluded that betel leaf compresses are effective in accelerating perineal wound healing among postpartum women. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a basis for implementing herbal-based care as a complementary therapy in midwifery practice.
Identifikasi Kadar Pengawet Natrium Benzoate pada Saus Tomat yang Beredar di Wilayah Kabupaten Dompu
Tomato sauce is a popular processed food product often added with preservatives to extend shelf life. Sodium benzoate is one of the most commonly used preservatives; however, its use must comply with the maximum limit set by BPOM, which is 1000 mg/kg. Excessive intake may cause health problems such as carcinogenic benzene formation and nervous system disorders. This study aimed to identify the sodium benzoate content in tomato sauces sold in Dompu Regency and evaluate their compliance with food safety standards. A descriptive quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach was applied. Five brands of tomato sauce were randomly selected from markets and minimarkets, then analyzed at the Toxicology Laboratory of Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed sodium benzoate levels of 69.25 mg/kg in sample A, 1,653 mg/kg in DB, 263.7 mg/kg in DM, 166.5 mg/kg in JT, and 1,028 mg/kg in ML. Two of the five samples (DB and ML) exceeded the maximum permissible limit. These findings indicate that some tomato sauce products in Dompu Regency do not meet food safety standards, highlighting the need for stricter supervision to protect consumers.
Perbedaan Perencanaan Karier Ditinjau dari Tingkat Self Efficacy pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir di Fakultas Kesehatan Dan Sains, Universitas Dhyana Pura
This study was conducted at the Faculty of Health and Science, Dhyana Pura University with the aim of determining whether there are differences in career planning that can be seen from the level of self-efficacy in final year students. In this study used two measurement scales, namely the self-efficacy scale and the career planning scale. The sample in the study amounted to 96 which was determined using the Isaac and Michael formula. The method used in this study is comparative quantitative with data analysis using the Independent Sample T-Test test. The results of the Independent Sample T-Test obtained a p-value of 0.001 <0.05. Then, an additional analysis was conducted, namely the Post Hoc analysis test, obtained the result of Ptukey <0.001. Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that there are differences in career planning reviewed from the high and low levels of self-efficacy in final year students at the Faculty of Health and Science, Dhyana Pura University.
Studi Literatur: Dampak Metode Penggorengan Terhadap Kandungan Gizi Makanan Tradisonal Indonesia
Frying is one of the most common food processing techniques used in preparing traditional Indonesian dishes. This process not only enhances flavor, texture, and color but also has the potential to reduce nutritional quality due to high temperature exposure, oil oxidation, and repeated use of cooking oil. This study is a literature review aimed at examining the effects of various frying methods—such as deep frying, pan frying, repeated oil frying, and vacuum frying—on the nutritional content of traditional Indonesian foods. Data were collected from national scientific journals published between 2018 and 2024 that discuss frying processes and nutritional values. The results show that temperature and frying duration significantly influence the levels of moisture, fat, protein, and vitamins in food materials. The repeated use of oil increases free fatty acids (FFA) and peroxide values, indicating deterioration of oil quality and the formation of harmful oxidative compounds. A comparison between plant- and animal-based ingredients revealed different chemical responses: plant-based foods tend to absorb more oil, while animal-based foods are more prone to lipid oxidation and protein denaturation. Vacuum frying technology has been proven to minimize nutrient degradation and extend oil usability, although its application remains limited in small-scale industries. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate frying techniques to preserve nutritional content and food safety, and recommends further comparative research on conventional and innovative frying methods for various types of traditional Indonesian foods.
Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Pasien Pre Anestesi dengan Tindakan Spinal Anestesi Di RS Jatiwinangun Purwokerto
Pre-anesthetic anxiety is a psychological problem commonly experienced by patients before undergoing surgery with spinal anesthesia. This condition can cause both physiological and psychological impacts if not properly managed. Family support serves as an important external factor that helps reduce patient anxiety. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and anxiety levels among pre-anesthetic patients undergoing spinal anesthesia at Jatiwinangun Hospital, Purwokerto. This research used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 43 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Research instruments included a family support questionnaire and the Hamilton Rating Scale of Anxiety (HARS). Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most respondents with good family support had lower anxiety levels compared to those with poor family support. The Spearman Rank test obtained a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05) and a correlation coefficient of r = 0.230, indicating a significant relationship with a low correlation strength. Optimal family support can serve as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce patient anxiety before surgery.
Pengaruh Informasi Nilai Gizi Pada Kemasan Terhadap Pemilihan Camilan Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Tata Boga Universitas Negeri Medan
Contemporary lifestyle patterns among university students have driven a substantial increase in the consumption of packaged food products, yet nutritional awareness remains suboptimal. This investigation seeks to examine the extent to which nutritional labeling on food packaging influences snack selection behavior among Culinary Education students at State University of Medan. The research employed a quantitative correlational design with 80 purposively selected participants. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires, subsequently analyzed through SPSS software encompassing validity testing, reliability assessment, normality verification, simple linear regression analysis, and t-test procedures. Findings demonstrated that all questionnaire components satisfied validity and reliability standards, data distribution conformed to normality assumptions, and a statistically significant positive correlation existed between nutritional label attention and snack selection patterns (t = 4.556; p < 0.05). These results suggest that heightened student attention to nutritional information correlates directly with more judicious snack selection practices.
Pengaruh Terapi Rendam Air Hangat terhadap Penurunan Derajat Edema Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Post Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit Harapan Bunda Jakarta
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a degenerative condition characterized by progressive and irreversible decline in renal function. This condition leads to fluid imbalance, often resulting in edema, particularly in the lower extremities. Edema negatively affects muscle strength and mobility due to the increased diffusion distance of oxygen and nutrients from capillaries to tissues. Common clinical manifestations among CKD patients include shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, excessive thirst, and difficulty urinating (Nurbadriyah, 2021). One non-pharmacological intervention that can be applied to reduce edema is warm water immersion therapy, which works by improving blood circulation and promoting interstitial fluid removal. This study aimed to determine the effect of warm water immersion therapy on reducing the degree of edema in chronic kidney disease patients after hemodialysis. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that 18 respondents (72%) experienced a decrease in the degree of edema after receiving warm water immersion therapy, with a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a statistically significant effect between pre- and post-intervention measurements. These findings indicate that warm water immersion therapy is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for reducing the degree of edema in post-hemodialysis CKD patients. Regular implementation of this therapy is recommended as a supportive self-care measure to help control fluid balance and enhance patient comfort and quality of life.
Gambaran Fiksasi Jaringan Menggunakan Larutan Bouin dan NBF 10% Pada Hati Mencit Dengan Durasi Fiksasi 4 dan 16 Jam Menggunakan Pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE)
Histological tissue processing remains the “gold standard” for determining patient therapy and prognosis. One of the stages of tissue processing is fixation. The types of fixative solutions used are 10% NBF and Bouin. The purpose of this study was to determine the histological features of mouse (Mus Musculus) liver tissue fixed using 10% NBF and Bouin solutions. This study used a descriptive method. The population in this study were mice. The research sample was mouse liver organs. The research stages began with mouse surgery, fixation with 10% NBF and Bouin, dehydration, clearing, embedding, blocking, cutting, and staining. The results of the histological features of mouse livers fixed using 10% NBF with a time variation of 4 hours obtained good quality preparations of 33.33% and poor quality of 66.67%. In 10% NBF with a time variation of 16 hours, good quality was obtained of 83.33% and poor quality of 16.67%. In liver tissue preparations of mice (Mus musculus) fixed using Bouin's 4-hour variation, 83.33% of good quality preparations were obtained and 16.67% of poor quality preparations. In Bouin's 16-hour variation, 33.33% of good quality preparations were obtained, 50.00% of poor quality preparations and 16.67% of poor quality preparations were obtained. Suggestions for further research on the microscopic appearance of tissue fixed using Bouin's solution and other solutions other than 10% NBF with samples other than mouse liver organs (Mus Musculus).
Peran Pengetahuan Gizi terhadap Frekuensi Konsumsi Fast Food dan Status Gizi pada Remaja
Nutritional problems among adolescents remain a major concern amid the shift in modern lifestyles increasingly influenced by fast food consumption. The rising trend of fast food intake among adolescents reflects a transition toward practicality, yet often lacks nutritional balance. This literature study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional knowledge, the frequency of fast food consumption, and adolescents’ nutritional status based on a review of 12 national and international journals published between 2019 and 2025. The findings reveal that nutritional knowledge plays a role in shaping eating behavior, although its direct impact on nutritional status is not always significant. Conversely, frequent fast food consumption is more strongly associated with an increased risk of overnutrition due to its high energy, fat, and sugar content. Therefore, nutritional knowledge contributes indirectly by influencing eating habits that subsequently affect adolescents’ nutritional status. Efforts to improve nutritional knowledge should be accompanied by the development of healthy eating habits and supportive environments that promote balanced nutrition among adolescents.
Hubungan Kadar Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dan Body Mass Index (BMI) terhadap Kejadian Stroke pada Pasien Lanjut Usia di RSUD Raden Tumenggung Notopuro Sidoarjo Tahun 2023
This study aims to determine the relationship between Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels and Body Mass Index (BMI) with the incidence of stroke among elderly patients at Raden Tumenggung Notopuro Regional General Hospital, Sidoarjo, in 2023. This research employed a quantitative method with a case-control design, using secondary data obtained from patient medical records. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with a consecutive sampling approach, resulting in 112 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using the Levene Test for homogeneity, the Mann-Whitney Test for comparison, and the Spearman correlation test. The results indicated a significant relationship between LDL and BMI with stroke incidence, with p-values of 0.000 and 0.003 (p<0.05), respectively. The correlation coefficients showed a strong positive relationship between LDL levels and stroke incidence (r=0.508), as well as a moderate positive relationship between BMI and stroke (r=0.276). It can be concluded that elevated LDL levels and imbalanced BMI contribute significantly to the increased risk of stroke among the elderly. Therefore, controlling cholesterol levels, maintaining a healthy diet, and monitoring body weight are essential preventive measures to reduce stroke risk in this population.
Perbandingan Hasil Pemeriksaan Demam Tifoid Menggunakan Uji Widal pada Pasien Anak dan Dewasa di Puskesmas Polowijen
Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria and generally affects the digestive tract. This bacterium is commonly found in areas with poor sanitation, and diagnosis requires a combination of clinical and laboratory examinations. Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi, primarily attacking the digestive system and typically presenting with a fever lasting more than one week. This study applied a quantitative descriptive approach with a total sampling technique based on all medical record data of typhoid fever patients treated at Polowijen Public Health Center in 2024, totaling 150 respondents. The results showed that most patients were children and adolescents, with the highest prevalence in the 3–19 age group, consisting of 45 children (30%) and 53 adolescents–adults (35.33%). The disease tended to affect females more than males, partly due to women's frequent involvement in preparing and handling food and beverages. Patients commonly presented with positive Widal titers and clinical symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Data analysis utilized SPSS and cross-tabulation covering sex, age, duration of fever, and Widal titers. The findings indicated an association between age, clinical symptoms, and laboratory results with typhoid fever incidence. There was a correlation between high Widal titers and prolonged fever duration. Patients with titers ≥1/320 generally experienced fever lasting more than 6 days, particularly among adolescents–adults, whereas children tended to have lower titers (1/80–1/160) and a shorter duration of fever, although some cases with higher titers lasted up to 8 days.
Microplastic Pollution: Exploring the Role of Social Class on Awareness, and Exposure
This research examines the complex relationship between social class and awareness of microplastic pollution, revealing that socioeconomic status alone cannot fully explain variations in public understanding and concern. Although previous studies often associate lower socioeconomic groups with higher environmental vulnerability, the findings of this study derived through qualitative methods, literature reviews, and interviews show that the link is far more nuanced. Factors such as access to credible information, quality of environmental education, cultural habits, and community-level norms play equally significant roles in shaping individuals’ perceptions and behaviors toward microplastic pollution. The results indicate that addressing microplastic pollution requires more than single-dimension solutions focused solely on socioeconomic disparities. Instead, a multidimensional approach involving improved public education, policy reforms that promote environmental responsibility, and active community participation is essential. Only through the integration of these elements can efforts to mitigate microplastic pollution become more effective and sustainable across in different social groups.
A Utilitarian Evaluation of Public Transportation's Role in Reducing Air Pollution and Enhancing Societal Well-Being
This thesis examines the ethical and practical role of public transport in reducing air pollution through the lens of John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism, with a focus on its contribution to public well-being. Using a literature review of academic studies, government reports, and international publications, the research analyzes both quantitative indicators—such as air quality improvements and emission reductions—and qualitative aspects, including public perception of Jakarta’s LRT system. The findings show that the LRT produces a significantly lower carbon footprint per passenger compared to private vehicles and is linked to improved physical and mental well-being for users. Although public perception toward affordability is positive, concerns remain regarding safety, comfort, and connectivity, suggesting that the system requires further development and supporting policies to achieve lasting impact. From Mill’s utilitarian perspective, public transport aligns with efforts to maximize overall societal happiness by reducing pollution and promoting collective welfare. Nonetheless, structural constraints and mixed public perceptions influence its real-world effectiveness. Despite these challenges, the study concludes that public transport remains a highly promising solution for mitigating urban air pollution and advancing public well-being.
Ekspresi HER2 dan Grading Histopatologis Nottingham pada Karsinoma Payudara: A Systematic Review
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Histopathological grade and HER2 status are well-established prognostic factors in invasive breast carcinoma, yet findings regarding their association remain inconsistent. This systematic review aims to summarize current evidence on the relationship between HER2 expression and histologic grade in invasive breast cancer. Methods: The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Garuda using keywords related to HER2, breast cancer, and histologic grade. Eligible studies were observational research reporting HER2 status assessed by immunohistochemistry, with or without FISH confirmation, and histologic grading based on the Nottingham/Elston–Ellis system. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were performed using a standardized form and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, involving more than 255,000 patients from various populations. Four studies found a significant association between HER2 positivity and high histologic grade, especially those using combined IHC–FISH testing. In contrast, seven studies mostly using IHC alone reported no significant association. Substantial heterogeneity was identified in HER2 assessment techniques, patient characteristics, and grade distribution. Overall risk of bias was moderate. Conclusion: Evidence regarding the relationship between HER2 overexpression and high histologic grade remains inconsistent. Although some studies indicate a correlation, methodological differences and population variability contribute to conflicting results. HER2 status and histologic grade should therefore be viewed as complementary, not interchangeable, prognostic markers. Further well-designed prospective studies with standardized HER2 testing protocols are needed to clarify this association.
Hubungan Cita Rasa dan Variasi Menu Makanan dengan Sisa Makanan pada Santriwati di Pondok Pesantren An-Nashar Kota Batam
Food waste is food left on the plate after consumption and reflects an individual's ability and desire to finish food. In Islamic boarding schools, this problem often arises because the taste of the food is less favorable and the menu variety is limited. This research aims to determine the relationship between taste and menu variations and food waste among female students at the An-Nashar Islamic Boarding School, Batam City.This research used a cross sectional analytical design with 46 respondents selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through self-reported consumption using the comstock method, analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the majority of female students who rated the taste and menu variety as poor tended to leave food behind, but the p-value for taste was 0.989 and menu variety was 0.650 (>0.05), so there was no significant relationship. Inconclusion, there is no significant relationship between taste or menu variety and food waste.
Dampak Bencana Alam terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Perinatal
Background: The increasing frequency of natural disasters poses substantial threats to women’s reproductive and perinatal health. These events disrupt essential health services, intensify psychosocial stress, and create hazardous living environments that disproportionately affect pregnant women. Methods: A Narrative Literature Review was conducted to synthesize evidence from recent cohort studies, systematic reviews, mixed-methods designs, and qualitative research exploring disaster-related reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Results: Findings demonstrate consistent associations between disaster exposure and adverse outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, menstrual disturbances, genital infections, and elevated prenatal stress. Damage to health infrastructure, limited antenatal care access, population displacement, and inadequate sanitation further exacerbate maternal vulnerability. Risks are greatest in low-resource settings and during first-trimester exposure. Conclusion: Natural disasters produce multidimensional risks for reproductive and perinatal health. Implementation of proper Disaster Management, integrating mental-health support, and adopting gender-responsive policies is crucial for mitigating maternal and neonatal harm.
Manifestasi Kulit pada Penyakit Sistemik
The skin is an organ that often shows clinical changes due to systemic disorders. This study presents a literature review on skin manifestations in various metabolic, autoimmune, neoplastic, endocrine, and infectious diseases. Data were obtained from national and international scientific articles through structured searches on several databases. The analysis was performed qualitatively to identify the pattern of relationships between internal pathophysiological mechanisms and skin changes. The results of the study show that immunological, vascular, and metabolic disorders have a major contribution to the appearance of certain skin lesions. Skin manifestations also serve as an early indicator of systemic disease so they are important for the process of diagnosis and clinical monitoring. In addition, a variety of specific skin lesions have been shown to correlate with the severity of the disease, so it can be used as a parameter for evaluating the course of the disease and the response of therapy. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between systemic diseases and skin changes is an important basis for clinicians to take a holistic diagnostic approach and determine more appropriate management strategies. These findings confirm that skin examinations are not only relevant in dermatology, but are also an essential component in the overall assessment of systemic health.
Pendekatan Diagnosis Tuberkulosis Kutis Verukosa: Tinjauan Pustaka
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains a global health problem, particularly in developing countries. One form of extrapulmonary TB is cutaneous tuberculosis, with the most common variant being tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC). Tuberculosis cutis verrucosa represents an exogenous reinfection in individuals who have been previously sensitized to the tubercle bacilli, and it typically presents as a chronic verrucous plaque that slowly evolves with centrifugal expansion. The diagnosis of TBVC is established through a multimodal approach, including history taking, physical examination, histopathological findings of tuberculoid granulomas, tuberculin skin test, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and culture. Ziehl–Neelsen staining and culture often yield negative results due to the paucibacillary nature of the lesion; therefore, correlation between clinical features and supporting examinations remains essential for diagnostic confirmation. With a comprehensive clinical and diagnostic approach, the management of TBVC can be carried out more effectively.
Pengaruh Massage Effleurage Abdomen terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Dismenore pada Mahasiswi Kebidanan di Poltekes TNI AU
Dysmenorrhea , menstrual pain that radiates to the back and thighs, can affect anyone before and after menstruation. The causes are diverse, ranging from an unbalanced diet to stress. However, there is hope to overcome it. Recent research shows that non-pharmacological techniques or abdominal effleurage massage can significantly reduce dysmenorrhea pain by increasing oxygen levels in tissues and reducing pain. This study aims to determine the effect of abdominal effleurage massage on reducing dysmenorrhea pain in midwifery students at Poltekes TNI AU Ciumbuleuit. The research design used a quasi-experimental approach with a two-group pretest-posttest design, involving 16 students who experienced dysmenorrhea, selected using random sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that before the intervention, 3 participants (37.5%) experienced severe pain and 5 participants (62.5%) experienced moderate pain. After the intervention, there was a decrease in pain levels, with 5 participants (62.5%) experiencing moderate pain and 3 participants (37.5%) experiencing mild pain. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis showed a significant effect between abdominal effleurage massage and reduction of dysmenorrhea pain (p < 0.05). This study provides new hope for those seeking non-pharmacological solutions to overcome dysmenorrhea. For future researchers, it is expected that they can further develop this method and explore other types of non-pharmacological therapies.
Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Tingkat Depresi Pada Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan (WBP) Dilapas Perempuan Kelas II Pondok Bambu Jakarta Timur Dan Tinjauan Nya Menurut Pandangan Islam
Correctional inmates (WBP) are faced with conditions in correctional institutions (prisons) that have limited space for movement and psychological pressure, which can affect their mental health, including increasing the risk of depression. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity and depression levels in Correctional Inmates (WBP) at the Class II Pondok Bambu Women's Prison, East Jakarta, as an effort to provide a deeper understanding of the role of physical activity in reducing depression levels. This study uses a quantitative design with a cross-sectional study approach where independent and dependent variables are collected in the same period and the impact is measured according to the conditions at the time of the study. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires with guided interviews to respondents who met the criteria in 78 samples selected using purposive sampling techniques. (1) Measurement results using IPAQ indicate that inmates' physical activity is dominated by the low category, followed by the moderate and high categories. (2) Inmates' responses indicate that the majority of inmates fall into the mild, moderate, and severe depression categories. (3) Bivariate analysis shows a significant relationship between physical activity levels and depression levels in inmates (p < 0.001). (4) The research findings regarding the relationship between physical activity and depression align with Islamic views, which emphasize the importance of maintaining physical health to support spiritual health.
Rancang Bangun Alat Fiksasi Cassette Holder pada Pemeriksaan Vertebrae Cervical Proyeksi Lateral dengan Kondisi Pasien Non Kooperatif
A noncompliant patient is one who cannot adhere to instructions or collaborate with healthcare professionals throughout the assessment. A fixation aid is employed to help the radiographer in attaining appropriate positioning of the patient and the cassette, thus guaranteeing optimal radiographic outcomes. This study employed an experimental methodology through the research and development strategy. The cassette holder fixation device was evaluated on five radiographers. Data collection was conducted through functional and performance assessments of the cassette holder at RSUD (Regional General Hospital) Muntilan and Dr. Soeharso Hospital in Surakarta from December 2024 to August 2025. The evaluation employed a checklist questionnaire for radiographers. The cassette holder fixation device was designed and modified into a U-shape, serving as a cassette support, with the base providing stability for the holder. The cassette holder fixation device features a locking mechanism and includes an adjustable left-hand cassette support to accommodate various cassette sizes. The cassette holder fixation device is applicable for lateral projection studies of cervical vertebrae. The cassette holder fixation device is constructed from 0.5 cm thick acrylic. The outcomes of functional testing indicated an 86% success rate, above the minimum feasibility threshold of 75%. This illustrates that the cassette holder fixation device is efficient in stabilizing the cassette, reducing radiation exposure to the radiographer, patient, and family, and optimizing cervical spine examination duration. The cassette holder fixation device enhances stability for both the cassette and the examination object, thereby reducing the probability of repeat imaging and preventing patients from receiving double radiation exposure.
Studi Deskriptif Kualitas Hidup Mahasiswa FK UNTAR 2022 yang Mengalami Gangguan Hidung dan Sinus Paranasal
Background: Rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It can be caused by various factors such as infection (bacterial, viral and fungal infection), allergic conditions, and anatomical obstructions of the nasal and sinuses passage. This condition can occur across all age groups and has a relatively high global prevalence. It is often chronic or recurrent that potentially lowering the quality of life of affected individual. Common symptoms include nasal congestion, nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, olfactory disturbances, and facial discomfort, which may interfere with daily activities among university students. Objective: To assess the quality of life of medical students experiencing nasal and paranasal sinuses disorder at the Faculty of Medicine Tarumanagara University class of 2022. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with number of sample consisted of 145 students from class of 2022 who met the inclusion criteria. This study used Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) questionnaire to measure the quality of life. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables. Results: The majority of the respondents were female (78,6%) and mean age was 20,48 years. The most commonly reported symptom was nasal congestion (93,8%). Most samples had a good quality of life (57,90%). Conclusion: This study reported a good quality of life among students of Faculty of Medicine Tarumanagara University class of 2022 who had suffered from nasal and paranasal sinuses disorder.
Pengaruh Pemberian Getuk Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomea Batatas L) terhadap Pengendalian Glukosa Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sei Langkai
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin secretion, which results in impaired metabolism of fats (lipids), proteins, and carbohydrates. (Yulyastuti et al., 2021). Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has the carbohydrates contained in purple sweet potatoes are on the Low Glycamix Index, so consumption will not drastically increase blood glucose. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design and serves to examine the impact of giving purple sweet potato getuk on blood glucose control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. The sample size was 15 people and was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection included data on age, gender, and blood glucose levels before and after the intervention. Data analysis used a Paired T-Test. The results showed that respondents' blood glucose levels increased from an average of 95.67 ± 4.73 mg / dL (pre-test) to 100.33 ± 3.26 mg / dL (post-test). The effect of purple sweet potato getuk on controlling blood glucose in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was obtained from the results of the p-value = 0.001 (<0.05). In conclusion, blood glucose levels before the intervention were different from those after the intervention (p = 0.001), which means that the administration of purple sweet potato getuk had an effect on controlling blood glucose levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.
Systematic Review: Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dalam Organisasi Kesehatan
Employee performance plays a strategic role in determining service quality in healthcare organizations, thus requiring an effective leadership model to encourage increased motivation and work productivity. This study aims to examine the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance in the healthcare sector. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach through the analysis of ten scientific articles from 2020–2025 selected based on topic suitability, publication feasibility, and relevance to the healthcare context in Indonesia. The results of the study show that transformational leadership consistently has a positive impact on employee performance in all categories of health professions, both clinical and administrative staff, with increased work enthusiasm, job satisfaction, and work effectiveness as the main driving factors. Leaders who are able to inspire, establish effective communication, and pay attention to the conditions of each individual have proven to be able to create a work atmosphere that supports performance improvement. These findings emphasize the importance of healthcare organizations strengthening the implementation of transformational leadership through training, leadership competency improvement, and strengthening a conducive work culture in order to maximize employee performance.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan: Literature Review
Health worker job satisfaction is an important aspect in supporting service quality and organizational performance. Various studies show that leadership styles such as transformational, participatory, situational, and supportive styles are strongly associated with increased job satisfaction. This study identified 10 articles published between 2020 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria, including quantitative studies in various healthcare settings. The synthesis results state that transformational leadership consistently contributes positively to job satisfaction through increased motivation, communication, teamwork, and perceptions of organizational justice. Participative leadership also contributes to increased job satisfaction, although its effectiveness depends on the organizational context. Other factors such as organizational culture, work-life balance, self-efficacy, and work environment were also found to play a role as supporting or mediating variables. These findings emphasize that strengthening the capacity of leaders and implementing a supportive and inspiring leadership style are very important for improving the welfare of health workers and the quality of services. This study is expected to contribute as a reference in the development of managerial policies in health care facilities.
Gambaran Tingkat Kepuasan terhadap Pelayanan Pasien yang Menjalani Operasi Sectio Caesarea Dengan Menggunakan Metode ERACS
Cesarean section is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures, with an incidence that continues to increase every year. The risk of complications and longer hospitalization remains a challenge in its management. One effort to improve service quality and patient satisfaction is the implementation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERACS) method. This study aims to describe the level of patient satisfaction with services using the ERACS method in patients undergoing cesarean section. This research is a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 70 patients who underwent cesarean section with the ERACS method at Dr. Soedirman General Hospital Kebumen, selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire based on five satisfaction dimensions of SERVQUAL. The results showed that most respondents were satisfied (57.1%) and very satisfied (40%). The conclusion of this study is that the ERACS method contributes positively to increasing patient satisfaction, particularly in terms of comfort, recovery speed, and service information provided.
Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: Laboratory Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
A diverse spectrum of clonal disorders arising from terminally differentiated B cells that secrete monoclonal immunoglobulins or their components is collectively referred to plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs). Clinical presentations vary widely, from early asymptomatic stages such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, to organ-damaging conditions including multiple myeloma, AL amyloidosis, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and other less common plasma cell related syndromes. Accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential because early recognition of monoclonal proteins can prevent irreversible organ damage involving bone, kidney, or hematopoietic systems. This review summarizes current laboratory diagnostic approaches for PCDs and discusses key differential diagnosis across major PCD entities. A narrative literature research was performed using open-access databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar), focusing on publications from 2015-2025 addressing diagnostic modalities, disease-defining criteria, and distinguishing features relevant to clonal and reactive plasma cell processes. Findings highlight that optimal diagnosis relies on integrating serum and urine studies, immunofixation, serum free light chain assay with immunophenotyping, cytogenetic profiling, and bone marrow assessment. Flow cytometry enables clonal confirmation through aberrant plasma cell immunophenotypes, whereas FISH identifies recurrent genomic abnormalities with prognostic relevance. Molecular assays provide additional refinement in selected cases. Accurate interpretation requires correlation with clinical features to differentiate PCDs spectrum. A structured, multimodal diagnostic strategy is essential for precise classification, risk stratification, and guiding patient management across diverse healthcare settings.
Kader Posyandu Sebagai Aset Pertahanan Negara dalam Penanggulangan Ancaman Stunting
Stunting in Indonesia presently constitutes a strategic threat that may undermine the nation's people resources and national resilience. Posyandu cadres operate at the forefront and fulfill a vital function. They frequently encounter structural impediments that hinder their proper functioning. This study seeks to examine the function of Posyandu cadres through the lens of a national defense paradigm, aiming to clarify conceptual discrepancies in the current literature. The research employed a systematic literature review to evaluate and integrate results from many pertinent scholarly journals. The investigation verified that the acknowledged function of cadres is ineffective due to ongoing structural problems, including capacity deficiencies and insufficient incentives. Significantly, it was discovered that there was no discourse connecting the role of cadres to the notion of national defense, highlighting a deficiency in coherence within academic research. This paper presents a novel conceptual framework characterizing cadres as "human security agents." This indicates a transition in policy focus from social programs to strategic expenditures in non-military security infrastructure.
Korelasi Trombosit dan Hematokrit Sebagai Indikator Klinis Awal pada Pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue di Rumah Sakit Metro Cikarang Utara
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by a virus, characterized by decreased platelet levels and increased hematocrit levels due to plasma leakage. The assessment of these two parameters is crucial in evaluating the clinical status and severity of the disease. This study aims to analyze the relationship between platelet count and hematocrit levels in patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) treated at Metro Cikarang Utara Hospital. An analytical quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was used, involving data from 124 DHF patients. The analysis revealed that all patients experienced thrombocytopenia, with an average platelet count of 91,430/μL, while hematocrit levels varied, with an average of 42.56%. Spearman correlation test was employed, showing a significant negative correlation between platelet count and hematocrit levels (r = -0.268; p = 0.003). These findings indicate that the lower the platelet count, the higher the potential for increased hematocrit levels. This supports the correlation between thrombocytopenia and hemoconcentration due to plasma leakage, which is a hallmark of the critical phase of DHF. The results emphasize the importance of regular monitoring of these parameters for early detection of clinical deterioration and determination of appropriate clinical interventions.
Peran Asupan Zink dan Vitamin D terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif dan Fisik Anak
Physical and cognitive development in children are strongly affected by adequate intake of zinc and vitamin D, as both nutrients play essential roles in bone formation, motor skills, immune function, and neurocognitive processes such as memory and learning. This review compiles evidence from studies published over the last decade showing that sufficient zinc intake is linked to improved linear growth, neuromuscular coordination, and overall motor performance. Meanwhile, vitamin D supports optimal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, promotes skeletal integrity, and may also contribute to cognitive development. Several studies emphasize the synergistic relationship between zinc and vitamin D, particularly through vitamin D receptor activity that involves zinc-finger domains, highlighting how deficiencies in both nutrients can increase the risk of impaired growth and cognitive delays in children. The findings underscore the importance of ensuring adequate nutritional intake through balanced diets, appropriate sunlight exposure, food fortification programs, and targeted supplementation for vulnerable populations. Addressing these nutritional needs is crucial for supporting optimal physical growth, brain development, and long-term health outcomes in children.
Evaluasi Pengelolaan Obat Antibiotik di Puskesmas dalam Mendukung Program Pengendalian Resistensi Antimikroba
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a serious global health threat caused by the irrational use of antibiotics. In Indonesia, this issue has become more complex due to the high rate of antibiotic purchases without prescriptions and weak distribution control. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic management in community health facilities, particularly Puskesmas, and to identify factors influencing antibiotic use practices in support of the national antimicrobial resistance control program. A qualitative method with a literature study approach was used, reviewing national and international scientific sources, including WHO reports, the Indonesian Ministry of Health, and the National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance Control (RAN-PRA) 2020–2024. The findings show that approximately 41% of antibiotics are still obtained without prescriptions, and 70.75% of pharmacies in Indonesia continue to sell antibiotics freely. Both public and healthcare workers’ awareness of AMR remains low, as antibiotics are often misused for viral infections. Although national policies such as RAN-PRA adopt a One Health approach, their implementation still faces challenges, including limited resources, weak monitoring, and regional disparities. Puskesmas plays a strategic role in education, supervision, and reporting on antibiotic use but requires capacity strengthening and intersectoral collaboration. This study concludes that AMR control demands synergy among government, medical professionals, academics, and the public through enhanced education, stricter antibiotic distribution control, and evidence-based policymaking. Continuous efforts are essential to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and strengthen Indonesia’s national health resilience against global antimicrobial resistance threats.
Masa Kerja sebagai Faktor Risiko Gangguan Fungsi Paru pada Pekerja yang Terpapar PM10: Tinjauan Literatur
Occupational exposure to particulate matter (PM₁₀) represents a significant health risk. Although the association between PM₁₀ exposure levels and impaired lung function has been well demonstrated in numerous studies, epidemiological literature shows highly contradictory findings regarding the relationship between exposure duration, commonly measured as “Length of Service” and lung function. To explore the sources of this inconsistency, this review examined literature published between 2020 and 2025 using a narrative synthesis approach. The analysis revealed that the divergent findings are not driven by biological factors, but rather by systematic methodological limitations. Non-significant results in several studies can be attributed to three major weaknesses: (1) Length of Service is a weak proxy variable that fails to capture the crucial intensity (dose) of exposure; (2) substantial statistical multicollinearity between Length of Service and Age, which distorts the estimated associations; and (3) the Healthy Worker Effect (HWE), a selection bias that is almost inevitable in occupational epidemiology studies especially those using cross-sectional designs, which systematically attenuates true associations. Therefore, non-significant findings related to Length of Service should not be interpreted as evidence of the absence of harm from chronic exposure. The relationship likely exists but is “masked” by design biases and the limitations of a weak proxy. Future research should avoid relying on Length of Service as a sole exposure indicator and instead adopt cumulative exposure metrics that are more representative.
Analisis Perbandingan Protein Hewani dan Nabati dalam Memenuhi Asupan Protein Harian
Protein is an essential macronutrient that plays a crucial role in growth, tissue repair, enzyme and hormone synthesis, and in supporting metabolic and immune functions. This study aims to comparatively analyze the effectiveness of animal and plant proteins in meeting daily protein requirements. The method used is a literature review by examining 19 scientific journal articles and official reports that discuss the role of protein, amino acid quality, bioavailability, and the long‑term health impacts of each protein source. The analysis shows that animal protein has high biological quality, contains all essential amino acids, and is easily absorbed by the body, making it effective in supporting growth, muscle mass development, and metabolic functions. Meanwhile, plant protein, although some sources lack certain essential amino acids, offers long‑term health benefits, is low in cholesterol, high in fiber, and environmentally friendly. Combining various plant protein sources can ensure the intake of all essential amino acids. In conclusion, the optimal strategy for meeting daily protein needs is to combine animal and plant proteins, thereby supporting high nutritional quality, optimal growth and body function, as well as long‑term health and environmental sustainability. These findings provide an important reference for the general public, nutritionists, and policymakers in designing healthy and balanced dietary patterns.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu dengan Kepatuhan Pemberian Imunisasi Measles Rubella (MR 1) pada Bayi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Saritani
Measles Rubella (MR) immunization plays a crucial role in protecting children from measles and rubella, both of which can lead to severe disability or even death. The effectiveness of this immunization program largely depends on mothers’ level of knowledge and their consistency in ensuring their children receive vaccines on schedule. This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal knowledge and adherence to the Measles Rubella (MR 1) immunization among infants in the Saritani Public Health Center area. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was applied. The study population included 168 mothers with infants aged 9–12 months, and 62 of them were selected as respondents through convenience sampling. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire measuring mothers’ knowledge and adherence, adapted from the instrument developed by Rosada Uli Simangunsong (2021). The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test in Microsoft Excel with a 0.05 significance threshold. The results revealed that most mothers had a moderate level of knowledge (61.29%) and low adherence (58.06%). The Chi-Square analysis produced a p-value of 0.028 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a significant association between knowledge and adherence to MR immunization. These findings suggest that maternal knowledge plays an important role in determining immunization adherence. Strengthening health education, enhancing the involvement of health workers and Posyandu cadres, and developing innovative immunization reminder systems are necessary to increase MR immunization coverage in the community.
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Hubungan Kadar Kalsium-Fosfat Terhadap Derajat Pruritus dan Kualitas Hidup Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis Yang Menjalani Hemodialisis Di Rumah Sakit Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara
Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a significant global health issue because it often leads to long-term complications that affect patients’ physiological and functional status. One factor that may influence disease progression and symptom burden is the imbalance of calcium and phosphate levels. Objective. This study aims to evaluate the association between calcium–phosphate levels, the severity of pruritus, and the quality of life in CKD patients receiving hemodialysis at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Methods. A correlational analytic design was employed using the Slovin formula, resulting in 63 respondents selected through a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained from laboratory findings, medical records, and standardized questionnaires collected between August and October 2025. Results. Most respondents were in the 46–65-year age group (54%), with women representing 55.6% of the sample. A total of 58.7% were unemployed, 31.7% identified as Batak, and 58.7% had completed senior high school. Nearly half of the patients had undergone hemodialysis for more than 36 months (45%), and 62.5% presented with normal calcium–phosphate levels. Moderate pruritus, assessed using the 5D Itch Scale, was the most common category (56.3%), while the KDQOL-36 indicated that 45.3% of patients had a moderate quality of life. Statistical testing revealed a significant association between calcium–phosphate levels and pruritus severity (p = 0.044), as well as quality of life (p = 0.011). Conclusion. Calcium–phosphate balance is significantly related to both pruritus severity and quality of life in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at RS CPL USU.
Stress Kerja pada Perawat di Rumah Sakit
Work-related stress among nurses is a critical issue in modern healthcare, directly affecting patient safety, quality of care, and the well-being of nursing personnel. Work-related stress emerges from organizational factors such as high workload, unbalanced nurse-to-patient ratios, understaffing, and increased administrative demands. Operational stressors including night shifts, rapid rotations, and long working hours further intensify stress through disruptions in sleep patterns and circadian rhythms. Psychosocial pressures, such as constant exposure to critically ill patients, clinical trauma, death, and workplace violence add substantial emotional burden. Global studies consistently report high prevalence of moderate to severe stress among nurses. The impacts include emotional exhaustion, anxiety, depression, burnout, sleep disturbances, reduced immunity, and heightened clinical errors. Effective stress management requires comprehensive interventions at organizational, individual, and policy levels. Structural improvements, personal resilience training, and strong regulatory frameworks for healthcare worker protection are essential to build a safe, healthy, and sustainable work environment. Through an integrated approach, nurse stress management can enhance healthcare quality while ensuring the resilience of the broader health system.
Efektivitas Teknik Relaksasi Napas dalam Terhadap Penurunan Sesak Napas pada Pasien Asma : Narrative Literatur
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract characterised by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing, which can affect the quality of life of individuals who experience it. In addition to medical treatment, non-medical approaches such as relaxation breathing techniques have been widely used to reduce breathing difficulties and improve lung function. This study is a literature review that aims to assess the effectiveness of deep breathing techniques, such as slow deep breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, and pursed-lip breathing, in reducing breathing difficulties in asthma patients. Data were collected through a search of articles on Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Crossref with a publication range from 2015 to 2025. Of the total 423 articles found, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed further. The results of this study show that deep breathing techniques can increase oxygen saturation, reduce breathing frequency, and improve lung ventilation. This approach also contributes to reducing perceived symptoms and improving asthma control, making it a safe and easy-to-apply complementary therapy. However, variations in study design, number of respondents, and duration of intervention are challenges that need to be addressed. Further research with stronger methods and standardised guidelines is needed so that this technique can be properly integrated into asthma management.
Peran Keterampilan Sosial Emosional (KSE) terhadap Kesiapan Psikologis Murid Kelas VI SD dalam Menghadapi Tes Kemampuan Akademik (TKA)
The implementation of the Academic Ability Test (TKA) at the elementary school level requires not only students’ cognitive readiness but also psychological readiness to enable them to cope adaptively with evaluation-related pressure. One factor believed to play an important role in developing psychological readiness is Social Emotional Learning (SEL), which include self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. This study aims to analyze the role of Social Emotional Skills in the psychological readiness of sixth-grade elementary school students in facing the Academic Ability Test. This research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire administered to sixth-grade students at SDN 1, 2, and 3 Ngetuk, Ngetuk village, Nalumsari district, Jepara regency. Data analysis was conducted using correlation analysis and simple linear regression. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between Social Emotional Learning and students’ psychological readiness. Regression analysis further reveals that Social Emotional Skills make a substantial contribution to students’ psychological readiness in facing the Academic Ability Test, indicating that higher levels of Social Emotional Learning are associated with higher levels of psychological readiness. These findings confirm that Social Emotional Skills play a crucial role in fostering mental resilience, self-confidence, and students’ ability to manage anxiety when confronting nationally standardized academic assessments. The implications of this study suggest that elementary schools in Indonesia need to systematically integrate the development of Social Emotional Learning into instructional practices and school culture to ensure that students possess optimal psychological readiness when undergoing nationally standardized academic evaluations such as the Academic Ability Test.
Analisis Ergonomi Posisi Duduk dan Desain Kursi terhadap Keluhan Nyeri Punggung Bawah pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara
Low back pain is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by pain in the lumbar region. The occurrence of low back pain is often associated with improper ergonomics, particularly related to sitting posture and the design of seating used. These conditions may lead to increased static load on the lumbar spine, resulting in excessive stretching of muscles and ligaments, impaired muscle circulation, and decreased strength of the back and abdominal muscles. Over time, these biomechanical changes can contribute to the development of low back pain. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sitting posture ergonomics and chair design with complaints of low back pain among medical students at Tarumanagara University. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design conducted from March to August 2025 involving 232 subjects from the Faculty of Medicine, Tarumanagara University, selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires using Google Forms, anthropometric measurements using a measuring tape, and photographic documentation of sitting posture taken by the researchers. This study obtained ethical clearance and research permission. Data were analyzed using SPSS with the Chi-square test. The results showed a significant association between sitting posture and complaints of low back pain (p-value = 0.042; PRR = 1.68), as well as between chair design and low back pain complaints (p-value = 0.046; PRR = 2.52).In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between sitting posture ergonomics and chair design with complaints of low back pain among medical students at Tarumanagara University.
Analisis Postur Kerja terhadap Gangguan Musculoskeletal pada Petani Padi di Kecamatan Cilamaya Wetan
The agricultural industry is among the sectors with a high incidence of work-related accidents and illnesses. Rice farmers are particularly vulnerable to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to repetitive and prolonged non-ergonomic working postures. This purpose of this to analyze the risk levels associated with the working postures of rice farmers. Based on questionnaire data collected from 84 rice farmer respondents, it was found that these farmers face a high risk of experiencing musculoskeletal issues due to poor working postures. Data were gathered through observations of working postures and the Nordic Body Map Discomfort questionnaire. The findings indicate that the respondent characteristics are predominantly male (70.2%), with an average age of 39.32 years and an average work duration of 18.52 years. The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints reached 77.4%. REBA analysis revealed that 58.3% of respondents fell into the very high-risk category, 14.3% into the high-risk category, and 27.4% into the medium-risk category. Statistical tests demonstrated a significant relationship between the level of work risk and musculoskeletal complaints (p-value = 0.001), with a weak correlation strength (r=0.214). Results indicate that the working posture of rice farmers poses a high risk of causing musculoskeletal disorders, necessitating comprehensive ergonomic interventions. Recommendations from this research include adequate rest time management, the use of assistive tools, ergonomic training, and the development of further research methods incorporating more comprehensive variables.
Sistem Pakar Mendiagnosa Gizi Buruk pada Anak dengan Metode Dempster-Shafer
Diagnostic of nutritional status and detection of malnutrition of children at an early stage is crucial in the process of children growth. However, parents often assume their child nutritional status without doctor or experts consult as well as many older people who have limited knowledge of nutrition issues. Malnutrition must immediately treated, because if its too late perform actions treatment can lead to the death. An expert system is a computer-based system that uses knowledge, facts and reasoning techniques to solve problems that typically can only be solved by an expert in a particular field. The use of this expert system will be easier when implemented into a web-based application, besides computers and the Internet are already widely held by most people, it also can be accessed through mobile device with the internet and mobile browser accessed anywhere and anytime. In this research the type of malnutrition that can be detected as many as three kinds using the Dempster-Shafer method with symptoms based on users input. This expert system is implemented using the PHP programming language integrated with the MySQL database. The test using a validation testing (black box testing) and testing the accuracy of expert systems. The result of the validation test is 100% which indicates that the functionality of the system can run well appropriate with the list of requirements. The result of the accuracy testing is 75% which indicates that the expert system can function reasonably well in according to the Dempster-Shafer methods.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat dengan Perilaku Pencegahan Malaria di Dusun SP1, Desa Saritani, Kecamatan Wonosari, Kabupaten Boalemo
This study aims to determine the relationship between the community’s level of knowledge and malaria prevention behavior in SP1 Hamlet, Saritani Village, Wonosari District, Boalemo Regency. This research is an analytical study with a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all residents in SP1 Hamlet, with a total sample of 100 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering knowledge about malaria and preventive behaviors. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test and simple linear regression. The results showed a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and malaria prevention behavior (p-value < 0.05). The higher a person’s knowledge about the causes, transmission, and prevention of malaria, the better their preventive behavior. The simple linear regression analysis also indicated that knowledge has a positive influence on prevention behavior. Therefore, improving community knowledge through health education and counseling programs is essential to strengthen malaria prevention efforts and reduce the incidence rate in the area.
Efektifitas Terapi Akupresure Terhadap Disminore pada Remaja Putri di SMPN 62 Tanjung Buntung Kota Batam Tahun 2024
Background: Dysmenorrhea is abdominal pain originating from uterine cramps and occurring during menstruation due to the shedding of the endometrium. Acupressure therapy can increase the release of endorphins, thereby lowering the pain threshold. Untreated pain can negatively impact adolescent productivity, including academic performance, and disrupt daily activities. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of acupressure therapy on dysmenorrhea pain that occurs in adolescent girls. Method: This type of research used a Pre-Experimental with a One Group Pretest Posttest Design. The sample of this study consisted of 16 female adolescents with dysmenorrhea. Results: Shows a decrease in the level of dysmenorrhea pain scale before and after acupressure therapy. Before acupressure therapy, 3 respondents (8.8%) had mild pain, 10 respondents (62.5%) had moderate pain, and 3 respondents (18.8%) had severe pain. After acupressure therapy, there was a decrease in the level of pain, namely 6 (37.5%) respondents with no pain scale, 8 respondents (50%) had mild pain, and 2 respondents (18.8) had moderate pain. With the mean value before acupressure therapy was (5.31), then there was a decrease in the mean after acupressure therapy intervention for 3 days to (1.44). Based on the output of the Paired Sample T-test statistical test, the significance result was p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: There is effectiveness of acupressure therapy for dysmenorrhea in female adolescents at SMPN 62 Tanjung Buntung, Batam City in 2024.
Hubungan Usia, Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu, dan Pengetahuan Ibu dengan Balita Wasting
Wasting in toddlers remains a major public health problem in Indonesia and reflects a condition of acute malnutrition that occurs over a relatively short period. Wasting can negatively affect child growth and development, weaken the immune system, cause delays in cognitive and motor development, and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in children. Various maternal factors are believed to influence the nutritional status of toddlers, including maternal age, education level, and knowledge related to nutrition and childcare. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal age, maternal education level, and maternal knowledge with the incidence of wasting among toddlers in the working area of the Gempol Community Health Center, Cirebon Regency. This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of mothers with toddlers, and data were collected through interviews and anthropometric measurements. Data analysis was conducted using Spearman and Pearson correlation tests. The results showed that maternal education level was significantly associated with wasting in toddlers (p = 0.03). Meanwhile, maternal age (p = 0.12) and maternal knowledge (p = 0.90) were not significantly associated with wasting. These findings indicate that maternal education plays an important role in preventing wasting in toddlers. Therefore, strengthening maternal education and nutrition-related information is essential to reduce the prevalence of wasting.
Tinjauan Sistematis: Komplikasi dan Kekambuhan pada Perbaikan Hernia Inguinalis Laparoskopik VS Terbuka
Inguinal hernia represents the most common surgical condition with lifetime prevalence of 27% in men and 3% in women, requiring optimal definitive surgical intervention. To analyze and compare complications and recurrence rates between laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair based on current literature. Systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines with literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from 2019-2025. Ten studies involving 95,192 patients were analyzed including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and national database analyses. Laparoscopic technique demonstrated lower acute postoperative pain, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay. However, inguinodynia was reported higher in laparoscopic (9.4-14.1%) compared to open (1.5%) in several early studies. Long-term recurrence rates in adult population showed comparable results between both techniques when performed by experienced surgeons, while in pediatric bilateral cases there was tendency of higher recurrence in laparoscopic (3.7% vs 2.0% at 3 years). Technique selection should be individualized considering patient characteristics, hernia type, surgeon experience, and patient preference. Laparoscopic technique is optimal for bilateral hernias and patients requiring rapid recovery, while open remains safe choice in populations with severe comorbidities.
Dampak Infeksi TORCH Intrauterin terhadap Perkembangan Janin dan Bayi: Tinjauan Literatur
TORCH infections (Toxoplasmosis, Other infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex) during pregnancy represent a significant health problem that can have serious impacts on fetal and neonatal health. These infections have the potential to impair fetal growth and development and to cause various complications, both in the short and long term. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic processes, and long-term consequences of TORCH infections is essential to ensure optimal management for pregnant women and their infants. This article discusses the wide range of clinical symptoms associated with TORCH infections, which are often nonspecific and thus pose particular challenges in diagnosis. In addition, it addresses difficulties in establishing an accurate diagnosis, available management options, and the potential long-term risks arising from these infections. TORCH infections are known to cause intrauterine growth restriction, neurological abnormalities, sensory impairments such as vision and hearing loss, and developmental delays in children. Early detection through prenatal screening and timely intervention are key factors in minimizing adverse outcomes. As one of the major risk factors during pregnancy, TORCH infections can contribute to various serious fetal complications with long-term consequences. Therefore, optimizing prenatal care, including routine examinations, early screening, and appropriate therapy, is crucial to reduce risks and improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Perbandingan Efek Pemberian Kopi Robusta Lampung dengan Kopi Arabika Lampung Terhadap Gambaran Histologi Lambung Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Jantan Galur Sprague Dawley
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a key marker for evaluating long-term glycemic control and has increasingly been studied for its potential association with various gastric disorders. Chronic hyperglycemia can impair gastric mucosal integrity through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, epithelial dysfunction, and inflammation, contributing to conditions such as gastritis, mucosal atrophy, and even precancerous lesions. This review summarizes research from the last ten years that investigated the relationship between HbA1c levels and different gastric conditions, using full-text, freely accessible observational, cohort, and experimental studies focused on metabolic regulation and mucosal changes. Current findings indicate that higher HbA1c levels are frequently associated with increased mucosal inflammation, a greater incidence of atrophic alterations, and a higher likelihood of premalignant or malignant gastric changes. Several studies also suggest that metabolic imbalance may worsen gastric function by enhancing oxidative stress and sustaining chronic inflammatory responses. Variability in comorbidities, metabolic factors, and additional gastrointestinal influences likely contributes to these inconsistencies. Overall, existing evidence suggests a meaningful yet variable link between glycemic status and gastric pathology. More standardized, well-controlled investigations are needed to clarify causal pathways and to refine clinical assessment strategies for individuals with metabolic or gastric disorders
Pemanfaatan Tutup Botol Plastik Menjadi Keychain Character
Plastic bottle caps are a commonly discarded household waste despite their potential for reuse due to the thermoplastic properties of HDPE and PP materials. These plastics can be reshaped when heated, allowing them to be transformed into functional and aesthetic products. This activity aimed to apply the principles of the 3R concept particularly reuse and recycle by converting discarded bottle caps into character-themed keychains. The process involved several stages, including material collection, heating with an iron using baking paper as a barrier, molding with silicone forms, trimming, and assembling the keychain components. Thermoforming was selected as the primary technique because it is simple, safe, and compatible with the behavior of thermoplastic materials that soften under moderate heat. The results indicate that bottle caps can be successfully reshaped into durable and visually appealing keychains. Beyond producing a functional product, the activity enhanced creativity, manual skills, and environmental awareness regarding plastic waste utilization. Thus, converting bottle caps through thermoforming demonstrates a practical upcycling approach that reduces waste generation while producing items with functional and economic value.
Efektivitas Edukasi Gizi terhadap Peningkatan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe pada Ibu Hamil : Literature Review
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of nutrition education in improving adherence to iron tablet consumption among pregnant women through a synthesis of several studies using various educational approaches. The method used was a literature review of six studies with pre-experimental to quasi-experimental designs involving educational interventions through booklets, demonstrations, lectures, digital media, and family-based education. The synthesis results showed that all forms of nutrition education provided significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, adherence to iron tablet consumption, and, in some studies, physiological improvements in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in the prevalence of anemia. The discussion emphasized that the effectiveness of education is influenced by the depth of the material, delivery method, family involvement, and sustainability of the intervention; a more comprehensive approach tends to produce stronger behavioral changes. In conclusion, nutrition education is a proven effective and essential intervention in improving adherence to iron tablet consumption among pregnant women and supporting efforts to prevent anemia during pregnancy.
Analisis Hubungan Kebiasaan Masyarakat dan Kondisi Fisik Rumah terhadap Kejadian Malaria di Desa Sukajaya Lempasing, Kabupaten Pesawaran Tahun 2025
Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, with Indonesia ranking second in Asia for the highest number of cases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between community habits and physical house conditions with the incidence of malaria in Sukajaya Lempasing Village, Pesawaran Regency. A quantitative method with a case-control design was employed, involving 128 respondents (64 cases and 64 controls) selected through simple random sampling and neighborhood control. Data were collected via interviews and direct observations using structured questionnaires. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test revealed a significant relationship between non-protective habits and malaria incidence (p-value 0.045, OR 2.255), as well as between risky physical house conditions and malaria (p-value 0.043, OR 2.524). Individuals with poor prevention habits and those living in houses without proper ceilings or wire mesh face a higher risk. These findings imply that malaria control in the area requires integrated interventions focusing on individual behavioral changes such as using repellent and long-sleeved clothing alongside physical housing improvements like installing home ventilation screens.