Job Satisfaction : Peran Gaya Kepemimpinan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jaemb.v5i2.7116Keywords:
spiritual leadership, servant leadership, inclusive leadership, job satisfaction, manufacturing industryAbstract
This study examines the influence of three leadership styles on employee job satisfaction in manufacturing companies in Kendal Regency. The research focuses on spiritual leadership, servant leadership, and inclusive leadership as independent variables that potentially affect job satisfaction as the dependent variable. Using a quantitative approach with simple random sampling, data were collected from manufacturing company employees through questionnaires measured on a Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics, including validity tests, reliability tests, coefficient of determination tests, F-tests, and hypothesis testing. The results reveal that spiritual leadership and servant leadership do not have significant positive effects on job satisfaction, while inclusive leadership demonstrates a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. The coefficient of determination indicates that the three leadership styles explain a portion of the variance in job satisfaction, while the remainder is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. These findings provide practical implications for organizational leaders in selecting and developing appropriate leadership styles to enhance employee job satisfaction in manufacturing environments.
References
Avolio, B., Walumbwa, F., Weber, T. J., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009). DigitalCommons @ University of Nebraska - Lincoln Leadership : Current Theories , Research , and Future Directions Leadership : Current Theories , Research , and Future Directions. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163621
Aziez, M. S., & Nugroho, S. P. (2023). Pengaruh Servant Leadership dan Human Capital Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Dengan Employee Engagement Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Value, 4(1), 100–116. https://doi.org/10.36490/value.v4i1.723
Benefiel, M. (2005). The second half of the journey: Spiritual leadership for organizational transformation. Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 723–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.005
Caitanya, N. A. P., & Mansyur, A. (2024). Hubungan Kepemimpinan Inklusif, Keterlibatan Karyawan, Efikasi Diri terhadap Perilaku Kerja Inovatif. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 6(5), 4628–4641. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v6i5.1912
Carmeli, A., Palmon, R. R., & Ziv, E. (2010). DigitalCommons @ UNO Inclusive Leadership and Employee Involvement in Creative Tasks in the Workplace : The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety.
Chen, H., Bao, J., Wang, L., & Zhang, Z. (2024). A study on the double-edged sword effect of inclusive leadership on employees’ work behaviour—dual path perspective of cognition and affection. Frontiers in Psychology, 15(May), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1310204
Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership to individual performance : Differentiating the mediating role of autonomy , competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.004
Choi, S. B., Tran, T. B. H., & Park, B. Il. (2015). Inclusive leadership and work engagement: Mediating roles of affective organizational commitment and creativity. Social Behavior and Personality, 43(6), 931–944. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.6.931
Dawis & Lofquist. (1984). The Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ) Report 217 Reference s 225 Gloss ary 233 Subject Index 243.
Djaelani, A. K., Sanusi, A., & Trianmanto, B. (2020). Spiritual leadership, job satisfaction, and its effect on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Management Science Letters, 10(16), 3907–3914. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.7.020
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., Dierendonck, D. Van, & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant Leadership : A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Fried, Y., & Ferris, G. R. (1987). the Validity of the Job Characteristics Model: a Review and Meta‐Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 40(2), 287–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00605.x
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., Krahnke, K., Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., & Krahnke, K. (2016). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence : a study of Baldrige award recipients. 6086(July). https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1202130
Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). A Journey Into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness. Paulist Press.
Hair et al., 2019. (2019a). Multivariate aata analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. In Gedrag & Organisatie (Vol. 19, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.5117/2006.019.003.007
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019b). Multivariate Data Analysis. In Gedrag & Organisatie. https://doi.org/10.5117/2006.019.003.007
Herzberg, F., & Mausner, B. (1959). The motivation to work.
Hirak, R., Peng, A. C., Carmeli, A., & Schaubroeck, J. M. (2012). Linking leader inclusiveness to work unit performance: The importance of psychological safety and learning from failures. Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.11.009
Irving, J. A., & Longbotham, G. J. (2001). Team Effectiveness and Six Essential Servant Leadership Themes : A Regression Model Based on items in the Organizational Leadership Assessment. 2, 98–113.
Javed, B., Abdullah, I., Zaffar, M. A., Haque, A. U., & Rubab, U. (2019). Inclusive leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Management and Organization, 25(4), 554–571. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.50
Judge, T. A., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D. (2012). Job attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 341–367. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100511
Kanungo, R., & Mendonca, M. (1996). Ethical Dimensions of Leadership. In Ethical Dimensions of Leadership. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452220536
Krishnakumar, S., & Neck, C. P. (2002). The “what”, “why” and “how” of spirituality in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(3), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940210423060
Liu, Y., Fang, Y., Hu, L., Chen, N., Li, X., & Cai, Y. (2024). Inclusive leadership and employee workplace well-being: the role of vigor and supervisor developmental feedback. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 540. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02029-5
Locke, E. A. (1976). The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. Handbook of Industrial and Organization Psychology.
Masharyono, S. S. H. S. (2018). Pengaruh Spiritual Leadership terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai. Sipatahoenan, 4(2)(October), 151–166.
Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A Review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171
Monica, C. B. R. L., & Partina, A. (2024). Pengaruh Servant Leadership Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Studi Pada Pegawai BKPSDM Kabupaten Klaten). Cakrawangsa Bisnis, 5(1), 44–57.
Nembhard, I. M., & Edmondson, A. M. Y. C. (2006). Making it safe : The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. 966(June), 941–966. https://doi.org/10.1002/job
Nugroho, R. A., Subiyanto, D., & Kusuma, N. T. (2024). Pengaruh Servant Leadership, Motivasi Kerja, Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pada Pegawai Sekretariat Dprd Diy. Ecobisma (Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Manajemen), 11(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.36987/ecobi.v11i1.5313
Page, D., & Wong, T. (2000). A conceptual framework for measuring servant leadership. The Human Factor in Shaping the Course of …, May, 69–110.
Pala’langan, A. Y. (2021). Pengaruh servant leadership, disiplin kerja, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja guru. Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan, 9(2), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.21831/jamp.v9i2.38875
Parris, D. L., & Peachey, J. W. (2013). A Systematic Literature Review of Servant Leadership Theory in Organizational Contexts. Journal of Business Ethics, 113(3), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1322-6
Pawar, B. S. (2009). Individual spirituality, workplace spirituality and work attitudes: An empirical test of direct and interaction effects. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 30(8), 759–777. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730911003911
Rahman, N., Rahmat, A., & Oemar, F. (2023). Pengaruh Inclusive leadership Terhadap Meaningful work: Peran Mediasi Psychological safety. Agustus, 2(3), 200–211. http://www.jkmk.akademimanajemen.or.id
Ramadhan, R., Wulandari, F., Karyawan, K., & Inovatif, P. (2025). Pengaruh kepemimpinan inklusif terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan perilaku inovatif karyawan sebagai variabel mediasi. 7(2), 346–356.
Reed, L. L., Vidaver-Cohen, D., & Colwell, S. R. (2011). A New Scale to Measure Executive Servant Leadership: Development, Analysis, and Implications for Research. Journal of Business Ethics, 101(3), 415–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0729-1
Sani, A., Soetjipto, B. E., & Maharani, V. (2016). The effect of spiritual leadership on workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and Ihsan behaviour (a study on nurses of Aisyiah Islamic Hospital in Malang, Indonesia). International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14(11), 7675–7688.
Sendjaya, S., Sarros, J. C., & Santora, J. C. (2008). Defining and measuring servant leadership behaviour in organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 45(2), 402–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00761.x
Setiawan, S. N., & Suryosukmono, G. (2024). Pengaruh Spiritual Leadership dan Fasilitas Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dimediasi oleh Kepuasan Kerja. Derivatif : Jurnal Manajemen, 18(1), 26–40.
Setiono, A. S., Sutarman, A., & Chandra, D. (2021). Pengaruh Spiritual, Leadership, Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis Dan Inovasi, Vol 10, No(2), 1645–1655.
Shore, L. M., Randel, A. E., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., Ehrhart, K. H., & Singh, G. (2011). Inclusion and diversity in work groups: A review and model for future research. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1262–1289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310385943
Spears, L. (1995). Reflections on Robert K. Greenleaf and servant-leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17(7), 33–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739610148367
Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693–713. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00929796
van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011). The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(3), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9194-1
Van Dierendonck, D., & Patterson, K. (2010). Servant leadership: Developments in theory and research. Servant Leadership: Developments in Theory and Research, September, 1–219. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230299184
Vrcelj, N., Bevanda, V., & Bevanda, N. (2022). Servant Leadership: Influence of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Management:Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2022.0009
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Akuntansi, Ekonomi dan Manajemen Bisnis

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.